Milk - Cheese Essay Example for Free

draw Cheese EssayMilk contains all the food, including protein, fat, sugar, and some other nutrients, a young mammal requires for a long period of time. Milk comes from sheep, cows, and goats. Milk is good for us because we grow up bouncing and have a strong body we have sharp teeth and have energy. Everybody needs take out, for subject babies, toddlers, sick people, children, and elderly people. In various parts of the world, goats, reindeer, donkeys, yaks, water buffalo, and sheep are domesticated and drawed. In most(prenominal) countries, however, dairy cows provide milk.Milk and milk products are drunk and eaten in many forms, including buttermilk, cheese, yoghurt, and butter. Milk can be reduced to powder, concentrated in a thick liquid, and used in cooking. new-fangled milk sours quickly, but, when changed into forms such as cheeses, it can be kept for a long time. People eat milk in fresh, dried, and condensed forms. Fermented-milk products, such as buttermilk, sour cream, and yoghurt, are also available. Milk is used to actualise food products such as butter, cheese, and ice-cream.Under normal conditions, the milk of mammals is the barely food necessary for the wellness and growth of that mammals young for certain period after birth. Cows milk can be substituted for human milk in feeding babies only if the proportions of water and sugar to other components are increased. Milk is composed largely of water cows milk, for example, is approximately 87 percentage water by volume. The main nutrients, food elements are proteins, the principal proteins in milk are casein and albumin. They contain all the essential amino acid for building tissues, blood and hormone substances.Casein is put only in milk and gives milk its whiteness. Carbohydrates, the fat of the milk is called butterfat, or milk fat, and is the part of milk from which butter is made. It is an important source of energy and rich in vitamin A. Minerals, milk are one of the cru sh natural sources of calcium and phosphorus. Its other minerals include iron, copper, sodium, potassium, magnesium, sulfur and iodine. Vitamins, milk contains all the known vitamins, but only four-riboflavin, vitamin B2, thiamine, vitamin B1, niacin and vitamin A in significant amounts.Milk is an excellent source of riboflavin it contains only a little less than does an equal amount, by weight, of lean meat. Microorganisms that Disease-causing organisms present in the cow can be passed on to the milk. Contamination can occur when the milk is obtained, stored, or transported. Milk is pasteurized to kill and hamper growth of microorganisms. Milk products raw milk is natural, fluid milk. Pasteurized milk is milk that has been heated to 63 degrees.

Animal Farm Essaytechniques Essay Example for Free

Animal Farm Essaytechniques EssayOrwell confides that socialism is insecure to the public and is a mold of enslaving the existence of a free estate. In order to express his attitudes towards Russias political system Orwell wrote the textual matter animal farm in the form of a satirical allegory, and utilize narrative elements such as Plot and Themes to deliver his moral, which fires his attitudes, or feelings towards communism. In order to increase the manoeuver audience of the text and thus further raise awareness Orwell wrote animal farm in the form of a satirical novel. The effect of this decision was that the novel captivated its audience and despite a great meaning, while still understandable by the younger populace. A satirical allegory is a text that ridicules aspects of something whilst utilizing symbolic characters or references. An example directly from the text itself is Orwells portrayal of Soviet Russias political leaders Stalin and Trotsky. In the text Orw ell portrays these men as pigs, which are often associated with greed and selfishness. Such selfishness occurred with Russias political leaders, who oppressed the population and lived the high life while their people suffered.This idea of greed in political leaders is also further reinforced by the progression of the characters with the plot. As mentioned earlier, organism an allegory Animal farm symbolically references both people as well as events. The events, or actual plot of animal farm was intended to mirror the events of the Russian revolution, albeit portraying them in a fitting way. As the plot unfolds, and the characters develop we begin to see through events the greed, and slow class stratification that results. We begin to see as Orwell intends, that under the communist system hat animal farm assumes afterward the revolution that when rivaling parties are chased out, and only one political party remains, a free nation slowly transforms into one of oppression under a t otalitarian leader. These events act to elicit the idea of communism being very dangerous to the freedom of society and the general public, which were virtually enslaved by their leaders and worked to end for the sole benefit of their leaders. Another method of communication used by Orwell to display his attitude towards Soviet Russias political system is themes.Orwell makes extensive use of the themes of greed and the control of society through propaganda to march the negative effects of a communist government. In Animal Farm, the greed of the pigs causes them to enslave their fellow animals through the use of a consistent bombardment of propaganda which literally brainwashes the animals into believing they are working for themselves rather than their despot leaders. This mirrors communist Russia in the forties where propaganda and even religion were used to control the population and make them believe that they were all working to benefit themselves, when in reality this was no t the case.George Orwells combination of these parallel events in the plot with real events in communist Russia, and use of themes to reinforce his ideas contained within his satirical allegory, act to elicit the idea that communism itself. Whether it be in Russia or elsewhere, it is destructive on the lives of the entire working population of the nation, and even though equality is promoted, greed consumes the leaders. This results in extreme class stratification, which leads to a society by which the population is almost lifeless and where are all working for the benefit of the political leaders.

Classes in the Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

Classes in the Kite Runner EssayAfghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It ever has been, always will be. We argon the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here. This is the start of the tension between the ii distinct social classes on pages 40-43 at bottom the novel, The Kite Runner. The authors purpose for placing this scene within the novel is to show the relationship held between the Hazara Tribe, and the Pashtun tribe, within Afghanistan. The scene in the book allows the ref to light to understand the tension between the tribes, which fuels the story. Due to the research I completed on the tribes within Afghanistan, I can sharpen my knowledge and interpret the scene in the novel better. While researching, I discovered that the Hazaras have Mongol Characteristics. As a result of this, I was able to understand the scene better, when Assef called Hassan a Flat-Nose. The reason that Assef Called Hassan this, was to poke fun at his Mongol Characteristics, such as having a flat nose. In the same manner, Assef states, how can you talk to him, play with him, let him touch you? Through my research, I was able to watch over that it was rare for Pashtuns to play with Hazaras. Hazaras are of a much lower class than Pashtuns, and are treated poorly. inwardly the scene, there are three apparent literary termsparallel, imagery and diction. Parallel is used when Hasan holds the slinghshot pointed forthwith at Assefs face. Hassan uses his slingshot in this scene, to fight Assef, and Hassans son uses a slingshot to anguish Assef towards the end of the book.Additionally, the author uses imagery, to show the intense tension between the boys. When Hassan pulls the slingshot, his hand trembles with the strain of the pulled elastic call up and beads of sweat erupt on his brow. This imagery allows you to realize the amount of stress, and tension Hassan must undergo. Finally, the author uses diction, when he describes the actions of the characters, i ncluding when he states, he made a sweeping, grandiose gesture with his hands. The diction such as sweeping, and grandiose, allows the reader to fully understand what Assef is trying to convey. There are two main ideas within the scene they are the ideas of Assef hating emir and Hassan, and Hassan protecting Amir. Based on the key idea of Hassan protecting Amir, the theme of love appears. Amir uses his slingshot, and does everything that he can to protect Amir, display his love towards him.

Political Philosophy and Machiavelli Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy and Machiavelli EssayNicolo Machiavelli is a well know philosopher of the Italian Renaissance from the sixteenth century. The return of the Medici family in Florence in 1512 forced Machiavelli out of office, and he wrote The Prince after(prenominal) retiring from the public. The Prince is one of his nigh famous works, it describes the means by which a new leader whitethorn authorise and maintain power. His ideas can be applied to new rulers ranging from a new principal to a new president of a new country. While discussing his ideas for new rulers, Machiavelli says Upon this a question arises whether it be get around to be loved than fe ard or fe atomic number 18d than loved? (Machiavelli 98). If a ruler is non able to do both, it is unwrap to be loved than feared. Machiavelli answers his own question through his ideas of what makes a successful ruler. He argues that a prince is a lot safer being feared than loved. Machiavelli says for love is preserv ed by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails. (Machiavelli 99). He says that being loved creates opportunity for being taken advantage of and being feared doesnt fail. pitch fear to his peck with cruelty would make them united and loyal. Most state who are fearful of either authority fear punishment, so they are more inclined to non cross the line of dis reward. Without a doubt, being loved is more desired from the nation and has a grander value compared to being feared, hitherto though the perks of being feared can make a leader successful. Since its amend to be loved than feared, at that place are three important characteristics to have to ensure that the new people youre ruling love you these characteristics are being honest, having respect, and being evasive.Honesty is an important characteristic to have because the body of people y oure ruling and the federal agency they act is a reflection of yourself. If you make honest and straightforward(p) behavior a key value, your people will do the same. If you dont make honest and good behavior a key value, your people habit presumption that you are always doing the right thing and telling the truth. Machiavelli says, Everyone sees what you appear to be, few experience what you actually are. (Machiavelli 106). His quote shouldnt be true if youre an honest and truthful leader.Machiavelli says in his quote that a leader does non show his complete self to everyone, that he displays an act of goodness to his people and only reveals what he really is to those who ask for it. Being an honest leader inside and out will only help gain your peoples trust and true love. This quote also ties into the one that reads it is unnecessary for a prince to have all the good qualities I have enumerated, but it is very necessary to appear to have them. (Machiavelli 250).Machiave lli says that a leader mustiness put on a false face to his people and pretend to have qualities that he does not actually have. Its not acceptable to hide yourself from your people because if you say youre going to protect them no issuing what and you back out when something bad happens, your people will be disappointed and wont have trust in you. A successful leader who wishes to be loved should be honest to his people for who he really is because it will flow him respect. You cant gain respect without giving respect.Respect is one of the most important characteristics to have when being a leader because people always fatality to be in an environment where they intuitive flavoring valued. A leader isnt going to be successful if their people arent happy and feel as if they arent important. If a leader is genuine with respect, his people will be more willing to give back respect and do as he says. Though, the truth is that it is important to give respect whether they feel the leader deserves it or not. As Machiavelli says, A prince is also respected when he is either a true takeoff rocket or a downright enemy. (Machiavelli 250). It doesnt matter the relation you have with your leader, whether theyre a true friend or a downright enemy, youre going to respect them just because theyre your leader. Your people may not the like what you do, but you will be respected. Its obvious that being respected out of actual love is the better than being being respected out of fear, and that good respect should lead to good confidence at heart the leader. The feeling of being protected is desired from a lot of people. If youre a new principal, your students and staff want locks on doors and an officer nearby.If youre the new president of a country, your nation wants to know that they have a true and strong army fighting for and protecting the country. A successful leader should always be machinate for whatever points may come. Machiavelli says, He who does otherwis e, either from timidity or evil advice, is always compelled to keep the spit in his hand. (Machiavelli 61). A leader should always be ready for quick action if some situation should arise. Your people will love and admire you if they know youre protecting them and is always cautious for quick problems.It takes great courage and confidence to take full responsibility for your peoples safety and well being. Being honest, having respect, and being protective are characteristics of being a successful but loved leader that have applied to people from before Machiavellis time all the way up to present day. Its easy to spot feared leaders such as Hitler apart from loved leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. Being loved not feared is better to be if you cannot be both because the people youre leading actually like you for who you are and are willing to do what you say, they arent scared into doing it.Martin Luther King Jr. led his people with the same respect they gave him, he was honest a nd true with his feelings, and he went above and beyond to change the worlds way of how they treated colored people to protect them from getting hurt and discriminated any longer. His people loved and admired him for who he really was, he didnt hide anything. Martin Luther King Jr. was a successful leader because he was loved and possessed honesty, respect and protectiveness.

Burma Religion (Burma) Essay Example for Free

Burma Religion (Burma) EssaySince the Myanmar ancient times, there has been full freedom of worship for followers of Burma devotions in Myanmar. So many a(prenominal) different religions can be practiced in Myanmar. Buddhism is practiced by well-nigh 90 percent of Myanmar religion Burmas population, with the Myanmar Theravada Buddhism School being the almost prevalent. It has a firm hold in Myanmars culture along with an observance of animism, or the worship of ancestors (nat). In Myanmar culture, there be many Myanmar festivals and celebrations held that correlate with nat. Nat also has influence on the practice of Myanmar traditional medicine in Myanmar religion Burma. There be other religions in Myanmar, provided they are not as widespread as Buddhism and animism. Some of the beliefs make include Christianity (Baptists) in Myanmar hill areas and Muslims. Christianity is practiced by 5.5 percent of Burmese Myanmar, Islam by 3.8 percent Hinduism by 0.5 percent and Anim ism by 0.2 percent before respectively in Myanmar. Myanmar is a predominantly Theravada Buddhist country.Buddhism reached Myanmar nigh the beginning of the Christian era, mingling with Hinduism (also imported from India) and natural animism in Myanmar. The Pyu and Mon kingdoms of the first millennium were Buddhist, but the earlier Burmese Myanmar peoples were animists. According to Myanmar religion Burma traditional history, Myanmar King Anawrahta of Bagan adopted Buddhism in 1056 and went to war with the Mon kingdom of Thaton in the south of Myanmar country in order to obtain the Buddhist Canon and learned Myanmar monks in Myanmar religion history. The religious Myanmar tradition created at this time, and which continues to the present day in Myanmar, is a syncretalist mix of what might be termed pure Buddhism (of the Sri Lankan or Theravada school) with deep-rooted elements of the original animism or nat-worship and even strands of Hinduism and the Mahayana tradition of norther n India.Islam reached Myanmar at somewhat the same time, but never gained a foothold outside the geographically isolated seaboard streamlet from modern Bangladesh southwards to the delta of the Ayeyarwady (modern Rakhine, known previously to the British as Arakan, and an independent kingdom until the eighteenth snow) Myanmar. The compound period saw a huge influx of Muslim (and Hindu) Indians into Yangon and other Myanmarcities, and the majority of Yangons many mosques and temples owe their origins to these immigrants. Christianity was brought to Myanmar by European missionaries in the 19th century.It made little if any headway among Myanmar Buddhists, but has been widely adopted by non-Buddhists much(prenominal) as the Karen and Kachin in Myanmar. The Chinese contribution to Myanmars religious mix has been slight, but several traditional Myanmar Chinese temples were established in Yangon and other Myanmar large cities in the nineteenth century when large-scale Chinese migratio n was encouraged by the British. Since approximately 1990 this migration has resumed in huge numbers, but the modern Chinese immigrants seem to wee little interest in Myanmar religion Burma. Some more isolated indigenous peoples in the more inaccessible forks of Myanmar country still follow traditional animism.The Roman Catholic Church, Myanmar Baptist Convention and the Assemblies of God of Myanmar are the largest Christian denominations in Myanmar.There are no totally bona fide demographic statistics form Myanmar, but the following is one estimate of the religious composition of Myanmar countryBuddhists 87%Animists 5%Christians 4.5%Muslims 4%Hindus 1.5%Burma artistrysJamie Therese JainarThe culture of Myanmar has been heavily influenced by Buddhism. More recently, British imperialism has influenced aspects of Burmese culture, such as language and education.More recently, British imperialism has influenced aspects of Burmese culture, such as language and education. Its neighbor s, particularly India, China, and Thailand, have made major contributions to Myanmar culture. In morerecent times, British colonial rule and westernisation have influenced aspects of Burmese culture, including language and education. Historically, Burmese art and literature was based on Buddhist or Hindu cosmogeny and myths. In addition to the traditional arts are silk weaving, pottery, tapestry making, gemstone engraving, and gold leaf making. tabernacle architecture is typically of brick and stucco, and pagodas are often covered with layers of gold leaf while monasteries tend to be built of wood. Although court culture has been extinguished, popular street-level culture is vibrant and thriving.Drama is the mainstay of this culture, and just rough any celebration is a good excuse for a pwe (show). Performances may recount Buddhist legends, or be more light-hearted entertainments involving slapstick comedy, dance, ensemble singing or giant puppets. Myanmar music is an integral part of a pwe it originates from Thai and emphasizes rhythm and melody. Instruments are predominantly percussive and include drums, boat-shaped harps, gongs and bamboo flutes. The toys of Myanmar are not only(prenominal) for the children but also famous in the world, known as the Marionettes (or) Puppets of Myanmar. Its a combination of Myanmar Art and Culture, together to show the inner expressions of the Myanmar people.A. The Prehistoric extremity c. 1100 BC to 200 BCThe Pre historic bound in Burma is known from a limited number of excavations that were carried out in selected rock shelters, caves and other sites along the middle course of the Irrawaddy River. Since Burma even today is sparsely populated, it would not be surprising to find that wee cultures in Burma developed in isolation. However, the artifacts uncovered in these digs resemble those in other part of Southeast Asia indicating that there was meaningful contact over wide areas at a very early date, and the arts i n Burma were not isolated even at this early time. This pattern of intra-area contact act into the later historical periods. Since there are no written records for this early period, we know little closely religious practice. However, since the artifacts that have been discovered conform to those used in small-scale societies for animist rituals, it might be presupposed that these early societies practiced a type of Animism.Therefore, Animism, and artifacts associated with its practice, will be discussed as a bridge betwixt this most remote period and contemporaryanimist art forms. B. The Pre- pagan Period Mon and Pyu Urbanism c. 2nd BC 8 AD During the Pre- irreligious Period there is ample evidence that the lowland peoples in Burma adopted ideas from India as indicated by a few standing structures, numerous excavated foundations, and a wide array of artifacts. These materials were produced for worship in Animism and Hinduism as well as Mahayanna and Theravada Buddhism. The fi rst cities appear throughout central Burma and were directly dependent on grand irrigation systems. Thus begins the parmountcy of the central region of Burma that continues until the present.The cities occur in well-planned forms that are a combination of indigenous and Indian concepts. Within these cities, the first buildings in non-perishable materials were constructed. These brick and mortar buildings were all used for religious purposes whereas secular buildings, even palaces, go on to be made of perishable materials until the modern era. This dichotomy between the type of material used for wind and the use of the building generally continued through all later developmental periods.Also, at this time, a particular interest develops for two types of religious structures the Buddhist stupa and the Buddhist temple. Brick foundations of what were most probably the first monasteries are dated to this period. Although the number of images from the Pre-Pagan Period is limited, the diversity of entitles and subject matter is generally broader than in later periods. The Mon and Pyu languages are written using alphabets and concepts adopted from India. A Burmese calendar was later created that begins with the fall of the Pyu dynasty in 836 AD. C. The Pagan Period 11th to 13th centuries classic forms emerged during the Pagan Period for many aspects of Burmese culture, including the economic, political, religious, social, and artistic. These forms were the models used by later Burmese dynasties to create new but related forms, often through slightly modifing their content. Classic architectural forms emerged as embodied in the Shwezigon Stupa and the Ananda Temple that were repeatedly copied by later donors. The styles of sculpture from the Pagan Period were also periodically revived.Theravada Buddhism became the preferred faith and thereafter remained the predominant Burmese religion. The first examples of metaphoric pictorial matter occur on temple walls and employ the Pala style of India and Nepal. Although Pagan ceasedto be the political uppercase of Burma in the 13th century, the city continued to be a respected religious center and many later monarchs returned to Pagan to endow new foundations or refurbish old ones. D. The charge Pagan Period -14th to 20th centuriesAfter the decline of Pagan, Burma fragmented into a number of small kingdoms that looked back to Pagan for formation and for artistic inspiration. None of these kingdoms rivaled the earlier period in art and architectural accomplishments and all can be seen as Pagan writ small. Pagan buildings were proudly copied, but often with significant modifications. The stupa became the most favored religious building and temples were rarely built. Wooden monasteries constructed on a raised wooden curriculum largely replaced the brick and stucco monasteries of Pagan.A number of Burmese styles arose, particularly in sculpture, as a dissolver of fewer contacts with India due to the Muslim invasions there and the Muslim destruction of Buddhist religious sites. Burmese styles of painting develop and in the nineteenth century borrow pictorial devices from the West. The Mandalay Style that arose during the latter half of the Post Pagan Period became dominant in central Burma and has continued until the present as the preferred style in Burmese art.

Economic and Social Factors that Affected the Slavery of the South Essay Example for Free

Economic and Social Factors that Affected the thralldom of the South Essay knuckle downry had been one of the most controversial and important issues in the history of the join States. The distinction betwixt the whites and the African American slaves could be rooted way back in the past flatts of the country even when the United States was still under the British rule. Because of this, the turn of events in the country is also related with bondage. The changes in the genial and economic factors of the country greatly influenced the situation of slavery in the south. The desire for independence by the Americans has been the chief(a) motivating factor that droved the social changes in the country.However, slavery was regarded as the biggest irony in Americas battle for freedom because their existence is a clear proof that the idea of liberty is more of a privilege rather than an inherent and equal right for all. This is proven by the fact that during the revolution, slave ry was already considered as digress of the old institution in America. Slavery was present in every habituation and became the basis for the economy and social structure from Maryland southward. At the very least, 40 percent of Virginias population and at even higher numbers in Georgia and South Carolina had been slaves (Foner 230).Being the case, slavery created a huge impact in the south because their source of living and there very modus vivendi have been dependent upon the work that slaves give. This is also the reason that the initiatives to abolish slavery greatly threatened the south. In 1840s, the expansion to the west played an important role as it moved slavery in the centre of American politics. The depression that started in 1837 paved the way for the thumping migration of settlers in further west. The years between 1840 and 1845, about 5,000 emigrants traveled the 2,000 mile journey by wagon train to Oregon.The settlement of some Americans in Oregon perpetuated the grey attitude of patronizing slaves since some of them brought their slaves with them. Nevertheless, the settlement in Oregon is not the of import reason for the emergence of the issue of slavery rather the nations acquisition of Mexico caused it. The primary part of Mexico that was settled by a substantial number of Americans was Texas. This could be attributed from the fact that the Mexican government allowed Moses Austin, a farmer born in Connecticut, to permit the Americans to colonize it.In 1820, Austin received a large land grant, which he sells in small portions to Americans settlers. The issue of slavery arises because Mexico already abolished slavery. In April 1836, Sam Houston and his forces discomfited the army of Santa Anna, which brought about the independence of Texas. The interest of the South was triggered by this event because they believed that including Texas in the Union and even dividing it to several states could increase their power in the coitus (Foner 46 5-466).The agree of 1850 was created in order to maintain peace of mind within the Union. This helped the south in the sense that the compromise still allows the slavery and only abolished slave trade. The Compromise also left the white inhabitants in the territories of Mexico to decide whether they will continue with slavery or not. In the same manner, the Fugitive Slave Act also aided the south in capturing run-away slaves without the interference of local authorities. Southern leaders support measures that sent federal agents to states in the north in order to make fugitives.It is also regarded that the Fugitive Slave Act is an example of how the government abided by the interests of the south (Foner 477-479). However, the Fugitive Slave Act also made many people especially from the North realize that this kind of jurisprudence infringes upon the rights of the citizens as well as of the state. Being the case, this started the changes in the concept of states right. The leade rship of Stephen A. Douglas helped the states to sink its dispute regarding the issue of slavery.He hoped to solve the dispute among the northerners and southerners in Congress by applying the principle of popular sovereignty. Sovereignty would allow the local settlers of every state to vote whether they are in favor of slavery or not instead of the Congress. Douglas deemed that popular sovereignty symbolizes the idea of local self-government and it also created a middle ground between the North and South (Foner 479-480). The discussions above show that the underlying concern of the southern sector is to protect their interests.They were very keen in acquiring the necessary power in Congress in order for them to prevent the abolition of slavery, wherein they are greatly dependent upon in terms of their agent of income and the overall development of their agricultural sector. Because of this, they are very vigilant of the social and economic changes that are casualty in the count ry in order to make sure that their stakes and interests are safeguarded.Work CitedFoner, Eric. surpass Me Liberty An American History. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 2007.

Best Practices Manual for Supervisors Essay Example for Free

lift out Practices manual of arms for Supervisors EssayThere are no magic bullets to solve daily problems and the road to reform entrust be rough, however the solution could be easy when any(prenominal) organization (or even an several(prenominal)) decide to civilise advantage of few top hat practices. Supervisors form the backbone of a strong organization because supervisors are the front-line leadership who ensure that the strategy is being achieved on a daily basis. (United Services, Inc. , p. 7). Also, according to Hays, S. W. (2004), a significant enthronisation in front-line supervisory development is a key aspect of a successful weapons platform (p. 271).Because, quantify and research has shown that poor supervision is a primary source of track downer dissatisfaction, attrition, and failure of merit c over plans. (Hays, S. W, 2004, p. 272) Also, a reforms success depends on leadership (Hays, S. W, 2004, p. 274). After realizing the importance of the supervi sors position and how authoritative could knowledge and training be for them, the aim of this manual is to post our supervisors with the necessary knowledge that enables them to succeed in their job. In an another(prenominal) word, this manual is considered to be a guide for supervisors to ease their responsibilities. II. better PracticesThis section of the manual presents some of the high hat practices that could friend our supervisors in their different responsibilities such as demonstrating communication skills, determining strong orientation and training methods, improving productivity for teams, conducting performance appraisals, resolving interlocking, and improving employee relations. 1. Demonstrating Communication Skills Communication with employees pull up stakes guarantee alignment with the organizations boilersuit strategy (mission- vision- goals). Supervisors could use internal communication to tin a supportive working environment with a clear set of expectatio ns for each rung.As a result employees exit have a soften understanding of the decisions made by the organizations, so supervisors could parry miss expectations by developing and maintaining communication ducts with employees. Figure (1) shows some channels to communicate strategical information 1. 1 Efficient Intranet The intranet is one of the best and most valuable tools available for employee communication. A come with intranet can help employees and HR save time by giving employees instant access to contact magnetic dips, confederacy policies, announcements, training opportunities, and benefits information. ( transaction effectual Reports, 2007a1, p. 1). However, the company should take some steps to achieve this communication channel such as update frequently, make it simple and easy, provide a search feature, track the usage, guide locally according to departments ad teams, provide a starting page for each department, include files, documents, policies, and proc edures, list phone extensions and contact lists, allow for feedback forms, use a content management. (Business Legal Reports, 2007a1, p. 1-2) 1. 2 Open criminal record oversight Style or Dissemination of strategic information Rubin, L. and Merripen, C.(2003) presented this practice which includes sharing information with employees for better understanding of management decisions. Employees became better informed near the business and feel more inclusive and entrepreneurial ab let on their contribution and impact. Then employees moved their focus from just their job to looking at the company as a whole. (p. 4) Collins, R. and Druten, K. V. (2003) found a strong link between organisational performance over the past three years and the emphasis placed on communicating information to all members about the organizations purpose, aspirations, strategy and performance. Figure (1) shows some communication channels that managers and supervisors could use to communicate strategic inform ation with employees. Figure (1) Channels to communicate strategic information Source Collins, R. and Druten, K. V. (2003). human beings Resources Management Practices 2. determine Effective Orientation and Training Methods 2. 1 Best practices for effective orientation New employees orientation is all important(p) to facilitate the integration of new employees in the organization with understanding the organizations culture, mission, vision and values.Orsini, B. (2000) presented some best practices for new employees orientation such as sessions for new employees to introduce them to the organization and provide them with an overview of the organizational mandate and structure, mentoring new employees by a staff member, profile of employee new to grouping by deep down a local newsletter or e-mail, and office tours as an probability to meet staff opposite and get a sense of what they do. 2. 2 Best practices for effective training methods Training present tense is not a luxury an ymore.Due to the competitive marketplace and the complexity of jobs, training became a indispensableness for surviving and competing for both organizations and employees. Recently. There is much greater emphasis on training as a means to cultivate, motivate, and retain quality workers. (Hays, S. W. , 2004, p. 261) Operationally, supervisors and managers are responsible for ensuring their employees get the training they need and/or the opportunity to attend the training classes. (Bjomberg, L. , 2002) 2. 2. 1 Learning for life ProgramTo show how could such practice help the organization, its useful to mention a real case study. For example, Honeywell Limiteds Scarborough factory unquestionable a learning for life program to improve productivity and quality and reduce costs in an effort to remain competitive in the global economy. Eighty percent of the factory participated in this program and Honeywell has increase its factory throughput by 180% and better the quality of its product s by 92%. (The Conference display board of Canada, 1998, p. 5)This innovative program developed more productive employees, increased productivity, change quality, effective collaborative decision-making, improven communication skills. (The Conference Board of Canada, 1998, p. 5) 2. 2. 2 Other best practices The Conference Board of Canada (1998) presented many other best practices in training or workplace literacy such as ? Empowering adult learners ? Excellence in workplace literacy ? Skills for a stable workplace ? Literacy through e-learning ? Establishing a baseline for training? Peer tutoring employee parcel employees Such practices has resulted in increased productivity, reduced staff turnover, enhanced performance, improved quality, effective collaborative decision-making, improved communication skills, in another word, it helped in creating a positive environment for both the employer and employees because benefits was achieved for both of them. 3. alter Productivity for Teams Improving productivity for teams and for employees in general is the ultimate goal for all organizations to maximize the overall performance.And because we are talking about humans or employees, improving productivity should include creating a expedient environment that could help them to work productively. 3. 1 Work life balance (developing a family-friendly work environment) dupet be fired by your family Best practice has shown that both employees and employers can benefit when staff are able to adapt plastic work practices thereby enabling them to better manage their work and family responsibilities (UQ, 2007, p. 1). In the end result this could increase employees productivity.Supervisors have an important constituent in developing and maintaining a family-friendly work environment (UQ, 2007, p. 1). A supervisor could help creating this environment by flexibly organizing work arrangements and workloads taking into consideration certain factors such as night lecturing, summer schools, acting as a role model demonstrating understanding and acceptance of work family balance, and take a positive approach to negotiating flexible arrangements (UQ, 2007, p. 1-2). 3. 2 Teleworking is good for business and employees Teleworking is another practice resulted in improving productivity.According to Business Legal Reports (2006), teleworking has some benefits such as relocation cost savings, increased productivity by reducing employees absentee, reduced costs for office space, and employee satisfaction (p. 7). So, when supervisors consider benefiting from telework, they wont only provide an improved work-life balance for the employee, but alike they will get improved business performance for the employer. 3. 3 Other best practices 3. 3. 1 Concern for employee community (Employee Care Program and Employee traffic Program)This practice proved that it could reduce employees turnover. This kind of program monitors how people are doing in their jobs and in thei r lives, offers rewards, gifts, annual picnic and holiday, flexible scheduling and telecommuting, and medical coverage. 3. 3. 2 Encourage employees to take their vacations This practice is important to enable employees to relax teeming to avoid stress, anxiety, emotional problems, job burnout in order to let employees perform at their optimum level. 3. 3. 3 Consumer-driven health care Textron, Inc is an example company that adopted this practice.The company consolidated employee healthcare options and shifted to consumer-driven healthcare. This resulted in increased productivity, a significant decline in healthcare costs, and decrease in the casual absentee rates and the incidence of disability leave. (Business Legal Reports, 2007b, p. 3) 4. Conducting Performance appraisals Monitoring staff performance is a key for any supervisor. It should be part of on-going discussions with staff and volunteers about their work and the results obtained. (Mathew, M. , 2007) According to Hays , S. W.(2004), an immense amount of energy has recently been use to upgrading the quality of performance appraisals by tying them to organizational missions and goals. (p. 262) 4. 1 Best practices for evaluation? According to Hays, S. W. (2004), best practices concerning evaluation showed that HR experts agree that evaluations ought to (a) be based on objective and observable criteria, (b) involve vernacular goal setting, (c) avoid the tendency to assess irrelevant worker traits, and (d) be tailored to each individual job and worker (rather than using one form for every employee). 4. 2 360-Degree performance management feedback trunk According to Business Legal Reports (2006), this system, which solicits feedback from boss, peers and direct reports if there are any, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback. (p. 4) The 360 process allows for multiple points of view to be given on any given individual. It neutralizes what might otherwise be one raters bias (either positive or negative) and helps to deriveder a more comprehensive picture of that individuals performance. (p. 4) 4.3 Other best practices Hays, S. W. (2004) also mentioned other best practices in conducting performance appraisals such as Employee Performance Management System (EPMS), 360-degree evaluation, Team-based evaluations, and Gainsharing. (p. 262) 5 Resolving Conflict According to Vogel, A. (2007), unproductive workplace conflict arises when appropriate communication breaks down. The result is supernumerary work time a drop in motivation, productivity and quality of service employee attrition harm of authority a stressful work environment and even direct damage to the company. 5. 1 The best approach to avoid The best approach to workplace conflict is to avoid unproductive quarreling altogether. And suggested four strategies mentioned by Daniel Dana- for eliminating strife (1) address conflict early, (2) avoid a one-side d solution, (3) take risks such as apologizing, (4) esteem others peace-making gestures. (Vogel, A. , 2007) 5. 2 Guidelines for managing the situationVogel, A, (2007) mentioned some guidelines to help managing scuffles before they escalate into real crisis such as mediating conflict between two employees, decide to mediate, hold preliminary meetings, conduct a three-way meeting, work out a deal, self-mediation, step outside your office, listen first, and finally manage diverging viewpoints. 6 Improving Employee Relations 6. 1 Create a newsletter One practice to improve employee relations is to create a newsletter that works for employee communications either a printed one or an electronic one (by e-mail or on the website).6. 2 Build a forum on your website or intranet This forum will provide an informal communication channel for employees to share their ideas, events or even their problems 6. 3 Create dual-lane events Being a supervisor you could make some events shared even if you turn the routine group tasks into fun shared events. For example CMP Technology made the spring-cleaning records become an event. Employees worked together in teams and competed to win a dinner for the team and discarded 12 tons of unnecessary paper in the process. (Business Legal Reports, 2007a2) III. Conclusion The main conclusion is that best practices can -for sure- help supervisors and enhance the way they deal with their responsibilities with employees by adopting approaches, techniques, and policies to create a positive, creative, and supportive work environment. Another conclusion is that information technology has an important role in providing effective HR practices. Finally, supervisors should be a model themselves for their employees in order to make a real change. References Bjomberg, L. (2002).Training and development Best practices. Public Personnel Management. Winter 2002. International Public Management Association for Human Resources Survey. Retrieved April 16 , 2008 from http//www. entrepreneur. com/tradejournals/article/160542388_1. html Business Legal Reports, Inc. (2006). Top 10 Best Practices in HR Management for 2008. United States of America Business Legal Reports, Inc. Business Legal Reports (2007a1). 10 Tips for HR to Boost Intranet Efficiency. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 1-2 Business Legal Reports (2007a2).Bin There, Dump That-Spring Cleaning Recors Becomes Event at CMP Technology. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 3 Business Legal Reports (2007b). Case study Move to consumer-driven healthcare decreases costs, improves employee health. Best Practices in Compensation Benefits. (734), pp. 3 Collins, R. Druten, K. V. (2003). Survey of Australian and New Zealand Human Resource Practices, CCH and AGSM. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http//www2. agsm. edu. au/agsm/web. nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/CCHREPORT2003/$ wedge/CCH+Final+2003. pdfHays, S. W. (2004). 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Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http//www. conferenceboard. ca/education/pdf/Awards/litr ead.pdf United Services, Inc.. Best Practices for Supervisor Training. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http//www. mhrrg. com/images/UnitedServices02. PDF UQ University of Queensland (2007). Balancing Work and Family/ emotional state Responsibilities Guidelines for supervisors. April 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http//www. uq. edu. au/equity/docs/bwfl_super_guide. pdf Vogel, A, (2007). Resolving Workplace Conflict. Body-Mind-Spirit Review. June 2007 Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http//www. inneridea. com/library/balanced-business-resolving-workplace-conflict