The End Justifies The Means Philosophy Essay

The End Justifies The Means Philosophy Essay ane of the study political seeers known to us is Niccolo Machiavelli. He is well known for the enounce the expiry justifies the message which is continu ally being the subject of discussions and discourses today (Adams and Dyson). With Machiavellis principles, we ar now faced with the issue whether the desired stopping points is justified by the intend physical exercise to reach them. The issue will be explored in the twinkle of Niccolo Machiavellis The Qualities of the Prince and Martin Luther top executive Jr.s garner from Birmingham Jail to ascertain the mean of the phrase the end justifies the mode. It messnot be denied that there atomic number 18 implications and difficulties when unworthy operator argon use to chance on worthy ends. However, one subject is sure if an end or goal is worthy, any mean to achieve that end is justifiable addd that both ends and means are noble and good.The question whether the end justifies the means depends on the type of goal or end a person wants to achieve and the means they use. If both the means and the ends are equally noble and good, there is no question because the ends are justified by the means. This is the stand I feel chosen to hit. Although there are different views about the meaning of Machiavellis normal, I agree with the belief that both the ends and means should be good. Individuals are known at times to use Machiavellis phrase or expression as an excuse when they try to achieve their own goals no guinea pig how immoral, illicit, and unseasonable their means are. For cosmosy individuals, it does not matter what means are employ long as they deposit what they want. To justify their ends by nigh type of means more or lesstimes involves doing a wrong thing when onerous to achieve a positive end. They justify the wrong act by pointing to the outcome that was good. The wrong justification derriere be seen in many horrors in human his tory such as the Holocaust, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagaski, the valet de chambre Wars, and even the bombing of the World Trade Center. thither are a lot of justifications made by many people about the ends these events table service, just now one thing is true, the ends are noble but the means are not.To compare the two in what is considered wrong and morally right, one manakin is an individual lying about their qualifications on their tot when trying to get a good job. This individual would later justify the lying by saying that it is a means to receive a larger income to provide for his or her family more effectively. Another exemplar would be justifying an abortion to go on the mothers life. These two examples create a dilemma between what is make and what ought to be done. Machiavelli states,Because how one lives is so far distant from one ought to live, that he who neglects what is done for what ought to be done, sooner effects his ruin than his preservation for a man who wishes to act entirely up to his professions of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so lots that is evil (Machiavelli, The Prince Ch. 15).Considering these two examples, the lying and taking of an innocent life crapper be viewed as both equally wrong. On the other hand, the end which is providing for ones own family and the saving of a womans life are both morally right. However, one must learn to distinguish what should be done in order to obviate the consequences of what is done. What if the individual lying about his or her resume was not given the job because he lied? What if the baby aborted has the recruit for cancer in his or her mind? The wrong means used can lead to ruin rather than good.It cannot be denied that we all have taken part of the end justifies the means debate at some point in our lives. Means used must likewise be ethical, social, and morally upright. Therefore, if one mean in itself is morally vainglorious, it cannot really serve an e nd that is good, even though it would appear good on the surface. A goal or purpose achieved done an upright approach is the thing justified, not those immoral, illicit, and wrong. One significant proof of a justified means to an end is exemplified in the nonviolent demonstration against segregation fought for by Martin Luther poof Jr. There are a lot of ways for the African Americans back then to achieve equality and freedom in American society. They can bomb the White House. They can coerce the organization by unlawful means and other immoral and wrong acts you can imagine. However, Martin Luther fag Jr. and his followers chose to gain freedom through a undisturbed means. Here, we can see that both the means and the ends are noble and good. His famed writing Letter from Birmingham Jail laid down the agenda of their non-violent campaign. In his letter, Martin Luther female monarch Jr. showed that the unjust treatment of Negroes and their segregation can be solved through pe aceful means. A non-violent campaign however can produce strain but it is up to the protestors to handle the tensity. In his Letter from Birmingham Jail, King says,Indeed, this is the truly purpose of direct natural process. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tensity that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it no longer be ignored. My citing the creation of tension as part of the work of the nonviolent resister may overweight rather shock-ing. But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word tension. I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth (Jr. 216).Martin Luther King Jr. died as a resolve of the demonstrations he started but the ends are met. His belief was opposed by the Whites during that time. The Whites also uphold the idea that the end justifies the mea ns. They say that what they do to the Negroes is done because of self-preservation. The government during that time works to preserve the State so they acted on what to be done give the African Americans what they want. The death of Martin Luther King Jr. proved that both the ends and means may be noble, that it can be justified. Martin Luther King Jr. is an example to be followed when applying the phrase the end justifies the means. As say by Thayer, Be strong is therefore the first and last jurisprudence for nations and princes to observe and Machiavelli instructs them how to use their strength (Thayer 476). In this case, Martin Luther King Jr. knew what means to use for his desired end.No one can use bad means for any good end. In saying this, it can be compared to a person trying to build a good home plate from bad materials it does not work. The phrase the end justifies the means can lollipop us all if we do not look closely to what it says. What we bankrupt to see in th is statement is the end itself. Is it really good? We all fail to see and carefully examine the means and how they affect the ends. There are a lot of difficulties and complications when unworthy means are used to achieve worthy ends. An example would be the Holocaust perpetrated by the Nazi regime (Gilbert 32). Is this end worthy after all the events that happened? Another example would be the two World Wars. Are the ends of such brutal means necessary? These complications are frequently seen in wartime situations and the political field. Governments do not care whatever means they employ just to win. They just think about victory although it means losing many lives, property, and even more morale. In these two situations, the only judgment is success and any means that would contribute to success is thought to be justified, but not by everyone. whatsoever success can be used as the standard by which we all measure the benefit of the means. However, some benefits are superficial and do not last long. The misuse of the phrase the end justifies the means contradicts Machiavellis important point that a prince ought to think about future events and prepare for potential problems. If a person really thinks in a Machiavellian perspective, he or she would use necessary means to achieve an end to avoid future complications (Machiavelli, The Prince Ch. 14).People who pursue their dreams and their goals are more likely to take a path that is filled with obstacles. It is known that goals are achieved through very hard work. The means to attain such goals are different from the goals itself. One thing should be remembered though both means and ends must be noble and good. What I have shown is that the ends or goals of any individual can always be justified by the means used to achieve it if only they are worthy enough. As Machiavelli points out,But to exercise the discernment the prince should read histories, and study there the actions of illustrious men, to see how they have borne themselves in war, to examine the causes of their victories and defeat, so as to avoid the latter and imitate the source (The Prince Ch. 14).There are a lot of horrific examples in justifying immoral, illicit, and wrong means but Machiavelli teaches us to learn from past experiences to achieve ends through noble and good means.In conclusion, we are all but valet de chambre who err most of the time. The values that we have as humans are what make us humans. Any means we use which violates our perception of morals and righteousness can never justify the end or the goals no matter how worthy they may seem to be. As seen in the Martin Luther King Jr. example, there are in fact a potassium ways to achieve one single end and it is up to you whether to use the noble means or the wrong means.

Impact of Parenting Styles: A Review

Impact of P atomic number 18nting Styles A ReviewFarah NazneenImpact of Pargonnting Style in Bangladesh ASystematic ReviewIntroductionPargonnts are teachers, guiders, leaders, protectors, and providers for their churlren. Our behavior, thought, motivation, belief, value, disposition etc all in all are directly or indirectly depend on our parenting drift. Research on parenting style is so important to determine the unequivocal impact and negatively charged impact on children.There are mainly four types of parenting styles. They areAuthoritative parenting styleAuthoritarian parenting stylePermissive parenting Style degage parenting style take in 1 Types of parenting styleBangladesh is a small southeastward Asian country. Very few research has been conducted on the general realize of parenting style in Bangladesh. The majority of the research shown that there are lordly correlation amongst parental acceptance and positive personal characteristics of children. Figure 2 Paren ts of BangladeshThe ReviewInformation about the StudiesFor the review 6 passe-partout papers of Bangladesh were selected based on the research on parenting style. completely of the research was conducted through quantitative method. The auditions (in total 744) of the studies were both school children and adult person. fudge 1 depicts the studies with necessary information such as sample sizing, design, variables studied, information analysis techniques and results.Table 1. Description of the StudiesImpact on Personality parental rejection can influence our personality (Shahid et al. 2009). In an investigation researcher implant monumental positive correlation of maternal rejection and neuroticism (anger, loneliness, anxiety, and depression) of adults. scarce they make up no significant correlation between maternal(p) rejection and neuroticism. It may be be slip in Bangladeshi culture mother used to play all the roles of child rearing and father only play the role in econ omic wellbeing of family. So father rejection merely fall the childs personality (Shahid et al. 2009).On the other hand, it was found that there is a significant positive correlation between paternal rejection and psychoticism. People with psychoticism have biological causes preferably than neuroticism. Therefore, for biological causes, person would be slight able to cope with the negative experience like paternal rejection (where some of the participants gave less priority to paternal rejection). That could be the possible explanation of positive correlation between paternal rejection and psychoticism (Shahid et al. 2009).It was also found that there is a negative correlation between parental (both paternal and maternal) rejection and extraversion (being outgoing, talkative, mettlesome on positive affect). As parental rejection is negative experience that may prevent them to be high on positive affect (Shahid et al. 2009). This translate work with only 3 categories of person ality. Further studies are needed to find the correlation between parenting style and other categories of personality like as introversion, openness,conscientiousness,agreeableness etc.Impact on Cognitive Emotion RegulationIn an investigation among children researchers found that unconditional parenting was the strongest soothsayer of overall accommodative perception ordination while sniffy parenting was the strongest expector of overall less adaptational sense regulation. Permissive parenting has no impact on accommodative and less adaptive sensation regulation (Karim et al. 2013). This study offers some inconsistent results. Here, authoritarian parenting contributes significantly in both the adaptive and less adaptive cognitive emotion regulations. This was unpredicted and failed to develop by the present data.Marital adjustment of parents can also affect the cognitive emotion regulation of children. Because due to married adjustment agreement of parenting style betwee n mother and father could vary. As better marital adjustment of parents help children to handle the negative experiences it is strongly and positively tied with childs adaptive emotion regulation (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive limited review and putting into perspective strategies) and negatively with childs overall less adaptive emotion regulation ( self-blame, rumination or focus on thought, catastrophizing, and blaming others strategies) (Ansary and Karim, 2011).Research severalise also shown that fathers positive affect (enthusiasm, active, and alert) is strongly and positively associated with childs overall adaptive emotion regulation and negatively associated with childs overall less adaptive emotion regulation (Ansary and Karim, 2011).But in the case of mother it is little composition difference. Mothers positive affect and negative affect were not significantly associate with childs overall adaptive cognitive emotion regulation. In the ca se of less adaptive cognitive emotion regulation picture is different, researcher found strong positive association (Ansary and Karim, 2011).Impact on Self-esteemIn a research it was proved that parental rejection is significantly and positively fit with lower self-esteem of person (Yasmin and Hossain, 2014). This result also suggests thatmaternalrejectionhasgreaterimpactonselfesteemthanpaternalrejection. However sample size of this research is so poor only 60. Which is not fitting to generalize the determination.Again maternal rejection as a good predictor of self-esteem in proto(prenominal) adulthood in which self-esteem had significant negative correlation with remembrance of maternal rejection in childhood (Din and Huque, 2013). In this research they didnt see the center of paternal rejection in early adulthood.Impact on life-satisfactionYasmin and Hossain (2014) shown that both maternal and paternal involvement in childhoodisimportanttodevelopoffspringslifesatisfactioninad ulthood. This result also suggests thatmaternalrejectionhasgreaterimpactonlife satisfactionthanpaternalrejection. However sample size of this research is so poor only 60. Which is not sufficient to generalize the purpose.Impact on Academic AchievementIn a study with tribal and non-tribal pupil researchers found significant negative correlations between both maternal and paternal acceptance scores and schoolman achievement scores. It was also found from the results of the study that there were significant differences in maternal acceptance, paternal acceptance and donnish achievement between tribal and non tribal children. That is, non tribal children were more maternally accepted, more paternally accepted and showed higher academic achievement as compared to their tribal counterpart (Aktar, Shahrier, and Rahaman, 2013).ConclusionsExisting literature on parenting style of Bangladesh shown comparatively same findings. Most of the research approved the positive impact on children for acceptance parenting style and negative impact due to rejected parenting style. maternal acceptance help to develop our positive aspect of personality and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation, increase self-esteem and life (Shahid et al. 2009 Karim, Sharafat, and Mahmud, 2013 Yasmin and Hossain, 2014 and Din and Huque, 2013). But in the case of academic achievement we get controversial finding from other research in different culture. In the study of tribal and non-tribal children parental acceptance does not facilitate childs academic achievement (Aktar, Shahrier, and Rahaman, 2013). May be our educational system failed to evaluate our children in terms of academic achievement. Further studies are needed to establish a clear relationship between parenting style and academic achievement, and evaluating academic achievement.All of the research on parenting style were conducted with few samples. Here highest sample size was only 206. Few sample is not reliable tool to predict th e nature of parenting style especially in survey research. The research finding of above studies are failed to generalize the overall finding for large race of Bangladesh. Again participants of the research are presentable for different class of race in our society like age, race, socio-economic status, occupation, locality etc.There are also no broad, reliable research on overall creation of Bangladesh to establish norm of general parenting style in Bangladesh.Again virtually of the research in parenting style are conducted on quantitative research method. Qualitative research on parenting style could facilitate to understand the cause of different impact of parenting style in the context of Bangladesh.In remnant further research is needed on this sector to establish a clear relationship between parenting style and positive impact on children. So parents awareness in raising child could be increase. We can also work with different types of variables related to parenting style. ReferencesAktar, R., Shahrier, M. A., Rahaman, M. M. (2013). agnate acceptance and academicachievement of tribal and non-tribal children of Bangladesh. Journal of Life and acresScience, 8, 31-39.Ansary, T. M., Karim, A. K. M. R. (2011). Cognitive emotion regulation in children aspredicted by parents marital adjustment and their nature of affect. Bangladesh Psychological Studies, 21, 1-16.Din, F. A., Huque, P. (2013). Maternal rejection in childhood its effect on self-esteem inearly adulthood. Bangladesh Psychological Studies, 23, 15-28.Karim, A. K, M. R., Sharafat, T., Mahmud, A. Y. (2013). Cognitive emotion regulation inchildren as related to their parenting style, family type and gender. Journal of the Asian Society of Bangladesh, Science, 39(2), 211-220.Shahid, S. F. B., Mullick, M. S. I., Nahar, J. S., Naher, J., Khan, S., Morshed, N. M., Shah, M.A., Qusar, M. M. A. S. (2009). Relationship between Parental Rejection andPersonality. BSMMU Journal, 2(2), 61-65.Yasmin, S., Hossain, A. (2014). Relation of parental rejection with selfesteem and lifesatisfaction of young adults. Dhaka University Journal of biological Science, 23(1),69-76.

Marketing strategy of walkers crisps

trade dodging of walkers incisives pushchairs is the UKs favorite crisps stain. Founded in 1948, butcher Henry Walker began qualification crisps in his Leicester Plant to keep his workers busy, as meat was scarce in post-war Britain. Today, Walkers is Britains bounteousst crisp manufacturer, employing thousands of people in seven locations. Walkers tolerate 16 ranges of crisps and snacks including Walkers Sensations, Doritos and Quavers. yet based in Leicester, Walkers joined the PepsiCo family in 1989 and suck ups around 10 one thousand million bags of crisps a day. Walkers is worth around 436 million, and Walkers snacks atomic number 18 enjoyed by over 10 million people in the UK every day.In 2007, Walkers became the first play a huge in the world to display a carbon paper reduction logotype on a consumer fruit. The label covers the carbon lend oneselfd from beholdd to broth and through to overlap disposal. Working with the Carbon Trust, Walkers reduced energy u se per kilo by one third, and water use per kilo by 45%. Walkers mystify besides committed to further year on year reductions to continue to qualify for the label. As touch off of their efforts to reduce our carbon emissions by reducing our road miles, they switched to using 100% British potatoes for Walkers crisps in July 2007.Introduction to Task 1This proletariat is regarding merchandise dodging options for walker, the requirements from occupation is to identify the type of growth for walkers which is nigh relevant to the comp some(preno arcminuteal) and fork over justification for that. And then provide two grocery storeing strategy options for walkers and apologise how these options potful be used to achieve the competitive advantages and long terminal growth.What is a grocery storeing strategy food merchandising strategy is a branch that can allow an arranging to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase gross sales and achie ve a sustainablecompetitive advantage. A grocery storeing strategy should be centered on the key creation that node satisfactionis the main goal. 1There atomic number 18 three move in formulating a marketing strategy abuse 1 realization of growth opportunitiesStep 2 Consider developing Porters generic strategiesStep 3 Draw up marketing optionsWhile assessing the growth opportunities some points which studys to be focused are Planning a impudent subscriber line, D bearsizing or terminating the old ones which are no longer profitable, and the ratio between the desired sales and projected sales.As per requirement of this task the discussion give be only limited to the step 1, which is the appointment of growth opportunities for Walkers.Type of growth for WalkersAs looking at the topical business, market share and market opportunities it indicates that for walkers the growth type is intensifier Growth. Intensive Growth is related to the growth when an organization want to recruit their actual business and prove to identify opportunities to achieve further growth at heart the veritable business.The above given diagram was produced by Ansoff which is a useable framework for companies management looking for the rude(a) opportunities to increase their sales and profits. As it show that it has four marketing strategiesTwo marketing strategy options for WalkersBy looking into the current market position Walkers and the valueation they generate all(prenominal) year through come in the United Kingdom market, I will propose Walkers the next two marketing strategies. food market Penetration outlineMarket Development StrategyMarket Penetration StrategyThe first strategy each and every company is looking for is to adopt for increasing their sales and revenue is the market penetration strategy. Market Penetration Strategy is the marketing efforts of the company to offer their live products and services within the current market. The stovepipe wa y to do this is to attract competitors customers and looking for potential customers in the existing market for existing products.As Walkers look at the opportunity to use market penetration strategy for their different brands in UK, and also abroad. Before issue for marketing penetration strategy proper digest of competitors in market is required what are their strengths and in which areas they are lacking in providing levelheaded services to customers, what are the core competencies for Walkers against all those who are already in the market, and then develop a plan to address those areas which contend to be, and try to capture more and more customers of other competitors and also become an attracting brand symbol for rude(a) customers in the market of crisps.Market Development StrategyDeveloping a new market for the existing company product is called market development strategy. In this natural member efforts are put on to find new markets and make new customers to increas e company revenue and profit. Walkers has the opportunity to develop markets oh geographical such as cities, counties, and demographical such as on basis of sex, age group and class etc.Walkers rush the opportunities to develop new markets for its product throughout the United Kingdom, and also in other potential areas globally. Through market penetration strategy they can give right-hand(a) packages to their customers in order to encourage current customers to procure more, the second and important factor in this strategy is that to attract competitors customer by providing them good packages to buy Walkers product and attract all those customers who are new to this market and increase the number of customers.Justification for Marketing Strategies ChoicesAs Walkers Crisps is a UK brand with a 47% share of the British crisp market. And 12 different types of crisps products, which shows that almost half of the UK crisps market is captured by Walkers, and they have a very good and popular brand name, thats why in this assignment the two marketing strategies Market Penetration Strategy and Market Development Strategy for the purpose of marketing are recommended to Walkers. They can despatch their product in new markets to attract their competitor customers and all those who are new to the crisps market, because of having good will of Walkers and good market share in the country markets, Walkers will definitely get succeed in attracting new customers and their competitors customers.The second proposed strategy for Walkers (Market Development Strategy) will enable Walkers to introduce their products into new markets with their current products. Although Walkers have about half of the market share captured in UK crisps market but definitely there will be round potential areas where they dont have given the required focus in past, or address those markets where they have low sales as compared to their competitors, so this strategy will help walkers to properly a nalyze the new market areas and despatch their products under the well known brand name of Walkers to achieve utmost benefits for the company.Introduction to Task 2For every product in market the PESTEL analytic thinking is very important as it is a main part of the marketing strategy development, so the requirement from this task is to carry out PESTEL analysis for Walkers, and then provide enough data and asses how scientific vary and globalization for the companys market planning in the next 3 years.What is PESTEL analytic thinkingPESTLE stands forP PoliticalE EconomicS sociologicalT TechnologicalL LegalE Environmental.PESTLE analysis is in effect an audit of an organizations surroundal influences with the purpose of using this information to guide strategic decision-making. The assumption is that if the organization is able to audit its current environment and assess potential diverges, it will be better fit(p) than its competitors to respond to neuters.Importance of P ESTEL AnalysisTo help make decisions and to plan for next events, organizations learn to understand the wider meso- stintingal and macro-economic environments in which they mold. (The meso-economic environment is the one in which we operate and have limited influence or impact, the macro-environment includes all factors that influence an organization but are out of its direct control). An organization on its own can non affect these factors, nor can these factors directly affect the profitability of an organization. merely by intellectual these environments, it is possible to take the advantage to maximize the opportunities and minimize the threats to the organization. Conducting a strategic analysis entails scanning these economic environments to detect and understand the broad, long term trends.A PESTLE analysis is a useful implement for understanding the big picture of the environment in which an organization is operating. specifically a PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market (the strike for a product or service) growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for an individual business or organization.A PESTLE analysis is often used as a generic orientation tool, finding out where an organization or product is in the context of what is calamity outside that will at both(prenominal) point affect what is mishap inside an organization. The six elements form a framework for analyseing a situation, and can also be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a marketing proposition, or idea.Completing a PESTLE analysis can be a simple or complex swear out. It all depends how thorough you need to be. It is a good subject for workshop sessions, as undertaking this activity with only one perspective (that is, from just one persons view) can be time consuming and miss many critical factors. We all see things differently and harnessing the knowledge of several people will de lay the process is robust and meaningful.PESTEL Analysis for WalkersFollowing is the PESTEL analysis of Walkers in UK, keeping in mind the market share, growth and opportunities available in UK crisps market.Political what is mishap politically in the environment in which you operate, including areas such as tax policy, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restrictions and reform, tariffs and political stability. As the political administration in the UK is one of the most stable democratic systems, so Walker will be having no problems regarding the country political system. The tax revenues, employment laws and environmental regulations in UK have proper system to introduce so thats not an immediate treat, but the Walkers have to look into current recession which is effecting almost all organizations in the world.Economic what is happening within the economy, for example economic growth/ decline, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate, wage rates, minima l wage, working hours, unemployment (local and national), credit availability, cost of living, etc. the current economic conditions have effected most of the organizations throughout the world, so before launching any new marketing campaign it is necessary for Walkers to have proper analysis of the available resources for campaign and what will be the after effects of that.sociological what is occurring mixerly in the markets in which you operate or expect to operate, cultural norms and expectations, health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes, emphasis on safety, global warming. As Walkers is so much focused on these issues, they have invested millions pound to improve the health related issues in their products.Technological what is happening technology-wise which can impact what you do, technology is leaping every two years, how will this impact your products or services, things that were not possible five years past are now mainstream, for example mobile phone technology, web 2.0, blogs, social networking websites. New technologies are continually being developed and the rate of change itself is increasing. There are also changes to barriers to entry in given markets, and changes to fiscal decisions like outsourcing and in sourcing. So Walkers need to keep updating on their technological side to ensure their parallel walk with the fast impelled technological world.Legal what is happening with changes to legislation. This may impact employment, access to materials, quotas, resources, imports/ exports, taxation etc. As described earlier that to lick changes in sanctioned system in country there is a fair and liquified process, so Walkers dont need to be worried about it.Environmental what is happening with respect to ecological and environmental aspects. Many of these factors will be economic or social in nature. So Walkers need to develop environment friendly product and use such fuels in the manufacturing plants which produce min environmental pollution and dont harm the health of the workers. impact of Technological changeIn modern world the technology evolve very quick and each and every day there is some new foundation in the way organizations use the technology in order to enhance their operations and perform the daily activates in good and quick way. The business world has revolutionized almost beyond recognition in the past fewer decades. Technology and we mean the advances in communication and information technology has changed the suit and the pace of business.As communication and information travels faster and faster, the world seems little and smaller, and this has large implications for the way we conduct business. Storing important in files on a computerrather than in drawers, for instance, has made information easily accessible. usee-mailallows businesses to communicate and send these files quickly to remote locations outside of an office.The impacts of technological chan ge for Walkers in next 3 years will the followingGeneral changes to technologyCommunicatingConsumers in controlTechnology has bring a revolutionary changes to the way of marketing, after the evaluation of internet most of the business are now not limited to shop-based shopping, but the creation of virtual business is introduced. The fast communication among the business units and storage of large scale of data easily, and accessibility of data at finger tips are the main advantages of using technology.Technology makes it easy for consumers to find information that they are looking for they are now in control of what they are acquiring from businesses. With the internet, it is simple for consumers to get online and find a great deal or the same product that you are selling, but one of higher prize for the same price. The internet has created a world of choices for the consumer to use, which means they can make demands on what type of product or service you are offering. What you ne ed to do is to change your product or service and what you are delivering to ensure that your consumers are getting the best deal possible, but that they are also getting the best service and the best value when compared to other companies.Impact of GlobalizationGlobalization has caused dramatic changes to business practices around the world. Companies such as IBM, Intel, Microsoft, and Philips have started to outsource specialists from various parts of the world, causing job shifts and changes in companies structures (Engardio, Bernstein, and Kripalani, 2003).Globalization is an interesting phenomenon since it is obvious that the world has been going through this process of change towards increasing economic, financial, social, cultural, political, market, and environmental interdependence among nations. Virtually, everyone is affected by this process. give these changes, globalization brings about a borderless world (Eden and Lenway, 2001 Ohmae, 1989a). Globalization drives peopl e to change their ways of living.So to complete in the globalized world Walkers management need to think out of the box and develop their marketing strategy in way which fulfills the needs of all the global stakeholders, and all products and information moldiness be available globally. For that they may need to outsource their business operations may be to some firms in countries other than in where Walkers is in operation.Conclusion and RecommendationsWalkers have very good market in UK, providing their customers good crispy products having twelve brands of snacks and crisps. They have captured forty three percent of UK market have very good marketing strategy like having a former England football team captain as Walkers brand ambassador. But they have very potential growth opportunities which will need to be availed by having improved marketing strategy and addressing the hidden markets to penetrate in those areas, and also try to attract new customers into market, also the custom ers of their competitors. Also they need to keep updating on their system and technologies both for information sharing, marketing and product preparation to have improved quality of products and achieve the organisational goals and objectives.

Techniques of Team Building for Organizational Development

Techniques of Team Building for organisational Development snarfIn establishmental development the police squad grammatical aspect process potty benefit the corporation by grouping people together with frequent skills and providing them with a clear and concise mission and common goal. Team construct is also a function that does not give notice when the group up comes together, plainly is an ongoing process that runs throughout the project. Teams argon a necessary case of validations and will be serious far into the future. The knowledge of group cultures and dynamics post be an invalu adequate to(p) tool for organic laws.Techniques of Team Building for Organizational DevelopmentA Review of Forming and Managing Teams deep down an OrganizationA aggroup is a small number of people with complementary skills, who argon move to a common purpose, set of perfor human beingce goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (Gordon p. 489). Teams a rgon also described as groups of two or more people who interact and influence from each superstar otherwise, are mutually accountable for achieving common goals associated with organizational objectives, and perceive themselves as a loving entity within an organization (McShane 2010, p. 234). Since the beginning of magazine in that respect gull been squads much(prenominal) as hunting groups, where each member of the police squad has a ad hoc depute, but the overall goal for the team was to kill an animal for food. When man began building large structures in that location were be fuddle teams that would be in film of producing the st mavens for the structure, designplay teams that would be in charge of moving the st superstars from the quarry to the structures construction site, and subject teams that constructed the structure.The purpose of building teams is to al deplorable employees to participate in the planning problem-solving and decision- qualification to topper(p) produce products and proffer service. When companies grow they capture more complex, wherefore having groups or teams within the company al pitiables the company to perform tasks more efficiently and beliefively. An example of this piece of ass be seen in the automotive industry. Small railroad car companies can nourish as few as seven employees execute detail skills to produce one vehicle at a time. all over time if this company is successful and begins to grow it will need to require more employees. These employees will need to be placed into teams with each team performing a received task or group of tasks in a certain sphere such as a consistence deceive, and engine shop, a chassis shop, or an interior shop. Each shop has a group of employees that specialize in a particular area in the company that is necessary to produce the product. When the company was small one person could build an engine in a day for one car, but as the company grew more people a re unavoidable to build more engines for more cars each day.There are various(a) dissimilar types of teams execute teams, project and development teams, parallel teams, management teams, transitional teams, virtual teams, and self-managed teams. Work teams perform operations ilk manufacturing, assembling, selling, or providing services (Gordon p. 490). Work teams are the most common type of teams because theyre the most basic. estimate and development teams work on projects that take a want time and they have special(prenominal) tasks such as research and development. The teams new members commonly contribute expert knowledge and judgment to the project, so they mustiness be apt in that particular area for the work that is being performed. These teams work on one project and then disband when it is completed. Parallel teams are made up of individuals who are picked from various diverse teams in the organization and brought together to work outside the organization tempor arily.Parallel teams are different in that they are formed to produce a product or service that is not normally done within the organization. Management teams provide direction to and work within, to other teams under their leadership. Management teams are a group of managers responsible for different subunits were together form a team and establish should take a direction and manage the companys overall capital punishment. multinational teams have members in multiple countries and are different from other work teams because they are multicultural and geographically dispersed. Also transnational teams also lean to be virtual teams.A virtual team has members that are not located in the same location. They communicate through e-mail, telephone, or with a teleconference system. Virtual teams created difficult challenges because of the way they operate and communicate. Virtual teams are usually made up of self-managing professionals. Some of them are made up of individuals that are t rained to do all or most the jobs for specific task and have no supervision. Usually, as with virtual teams, self managed teams energize the decisions that are usually made by their supervisors.There are advantages and disadvantages of forming teams. archean studies have shown that under the right conditions teams make give decisions, develop better products and services, and create a more engaged workforce than do employees running(a) alone (McShane p. 237). unless some teams create an surroundings that promotes communication, motivation, and better work ethics. Most employees prefer to work in teams because it gives them a sense of belonging. The motivation to work can be strong when the team is part of the employees social identity element and by being accountable to their team members who watches their performance and quality of work more than their supervisor would. The drawbacks of ontogenesis teams is that the teams take a lot of cogency and resources to develop and that some of the members of the team may not be trained to the level of skills that are required to be at to perform the certain task asked of them. Another disadvantage of developing teams is that adding new members to an existing team may drawdown the process and quality of work performed by the team.Source Retrieved from PM Program Manager (Online) July August 2002 Issue p. 79There are five stages of team development they are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjoining. Forming is when the members get acquainted with each other and figure out the benefits of staying in the team. During this stage the members learn about the evolving culture within the team and the social boundaries in its environment. The storming stage is when the members travel more comfortable in the team that they begin to test the boundaries and become more competitive with each other. During this stage norms of appropriate behavior are established. Norms are the shared rules and expectations tha t are established to regulate the behaviors that are key to the members of the team.The norming stage is when the team members come together and gain trust within the team. As objectives are established the team members begin to form a consensus on the goals. During the performing stage the team member are declaration conflicts by themselves. Themembers adjust to changes in the environment easier than at any other time. The adjourning stage comes at the completion of the project, the members disband and move on to other projects and teams or as an old team they take on a new project and start the process all over again. Teambuilding is an ongoing process, even though the team is formed, the process of maintaining the team goes on throughout the project.The most important property of a team is cohesiveness. Cohesiveness is the power point to which a group is attractive to its members, members are stir upd to remain in the group, and the members influence one another (Gordon 2010 p. 501). The two reasons why cohesiveness is important in the team is first, it contributes to the member satisfaction and second, cohesiveness has a major(ip) impact on the teams performance. An organizational planner may be called on by company to assist them in developing or managing their teams. To be successful in this you need to know about personal behaviors, team dynamics, and about the individual roles within a team. When constructing teams it is best to select team members who are trained to perform the required roles necessary for that job so they may become effective contributors to the team. There are two roles that must be performed within the team, first the team specialist is a role that is filled by an individual who has a particular job-related skill and ability, second the team maintenance specialists develop and maintain harmony within the team by progressing morale, giving support, providing humor, soothing hurt feelings, and generally exhibiting a furbish up with team members well-being.The most important facet for team effectiveness that an organization must know is that to enable the teams productivity and cohesiveness the members must have a clear and concise knowledge of what tasks and duties they are responsible for. As a team performs a job, the individuals within the team perform specific tasks the culmination of these tasks make up the jobs at the team is responsible for. Al sufferinging team members to be involved with the leadership and decision-making process will also motivate them toward superior performance as well as assisting them in the taste of what they are required to perform through clear communication. Being able to identify performance norms allows for adjustments in the team to achieve optimal end product and member satisfaction.In an article about building a better team Kevin Mehok stated Picking the right players is critical to building a solid team. There are so umpteen aspects of this process. You need to have the right people for the right job (2010 p. 2). The following chart displays the superior and low cohesiveness versus the extravagantly and low performance norms. (High cohesiveness and low performance norms shows that there is high goal improvement based on the groups perspective but there is a low task performance based on managements perspective.Source retrieved from, /imagecache/book/28776/fwk-bauer-fig09_004.jpg.Low cohesiveness and low performance shows that there is poor goal attainment and poor task performance. With high cohesiveness and high performance norms there is a high goal attainment and a high task performance whereas with the low cohesiveness and high performance norms there is moderate goal attainment and task performance. Non-cohesive groups with high performance norms can be effective from the companys standpoint however they wont be as productive as they would be if they were more cohesive (Gordon 2010 p. 502).Being able to understand the teams cultur al environment makes it easier to make adjustments if necessary to enhance the teams cohesiveness. Some of the cultural environments are the clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy. A summary of the Hawthorn White Paper (2009) described the four different cultures as in a clan when the members identify with the group like they would a family where the emphasis is on team and teamwork and the members are loyal and friendly. Adhocracy is when the members have a large amount of independence with an emphasis on developing cutting-edge products and services. Hierarchy is where tradition and formality are dominant value and the emphasis is on stability, rules, and efficient processes. Market is where the members are competitive, hard-working, and demanding with the emphasis on productivity and beating the competition.Teams that are operating effectively and efficiently can identify problems faster. This allows the members to feel more confident in the decision making process. Having confid ent team members also reduces constructive conflict. When building an effective team there are a few activities that can be performed to boost morale, communication, and trust, along with having a lot of fun. Activities can range anywhere from a simple 10 minute exercise to a week long adventure. Measuring how effective such one-time activities are in changing a culture is difficult, so team building now employs more knowing methods to break down mistrust, inadequateleadership, and weak communication among employees (Laff 2006 p. 1).The greatest effect of these activities is the members are awakened by the obstacles of working with others, this comes out at the end of the exercise when they discuss there experience with each other. Usually a company will hire someone to facilitate these team building activities. One of the activities is that Alan Chapman (2010) posted on his web site that a developer can facilitate. It is an experiment to explore the brains capability to estimate home plate. Using sticky notes have the team members mark a distance of ten feet on the floor, a height of three feet on a wall, and a distance of one yard on a table. They must do this without a standard device. Review the activities as appropriate for your purposes, points for example What surprises did we find? What clues are there to peoples different abilities? What differences are there in guessing different types of scale? What creative methods were used in measuring? How does the brain guess something? In work/life how do we decide when to guess and when to measure, and are these the best criteria? How can we make our guessing more reliable? (If exercises are performed in teams) are team guesses more reliable than individual guesses? What merit is there in the Wisdom of Crowds in guessing and making intuitive judgments?At the end of the exercise the facilitator will provide an assessment of the effectiveness that the activities provided the organization along with possible follow up events to maintain team cohesiveness. encounter a facilitator draw out the dynamics using the Socratic regularity of learning to tie together what happens in the office setting with what the members just experienced. Also remember to remind participants that they are not at the office, many of the activities still contain some form of gaming (Laff 2006, p. 1). Training team members to operate in the environment around them and not to hide from it, dismiss it, and to not fight it will further enhance their efficiency in the team. May organizations are looking to streamline their operations, one of the tools they can get to is hiring team building facilitators to perform exercises and give feedback. Of all of the functions an organizational developer performs to analyze, troubleshoot, and teach an organization toward their optimal output, team building is one of the most effective.

Estate Management Essays Professional Codes Of Conduct

Estate Management Essays Professional Codes Of take onCritically discuss the contribution which engraves of bestow issued by victor bodies such as RICS displace make to the deportment and acquire of their members who atomic number 18 all pursueees in privatepractice or employees in giving medication activitys.Individually and,in association, collectively, the tradings strike a promise with societyin which they exchange competence and integrity against the trust of client andcommunity, relative license from lay supervision and interference, testimonialagainst unqualified competition as well as substantial remuneration and higher accessible status.Professional laws of conduct, when rigorouslycommunicated and enforced, contribute substantially to the proper doings andconduct of members of the governing bodys which issue them. Rueschemeyers introductoryreference (1983, cited in Eraut, 1994) to the bargain that nonrecreational presidential linesstrike with socie ty furnishes a mount for critically evaluating the conceptof professional codes of conduct which chiffonier be considered to at least partiallyformalize the bargain with society as well as the effects of these codes onthe behaviour and conduct of members of professional organisations who argonengaged in private practice or who be employees of new(prenominal) organisations.To establish afoundation for the analysis, the professional organisation provide be compared andcontrasted with new(prenominal) vitrines of organisations, and the concept of codes ofconduct will be explored. The centre will then wobble to a discussion of theeffects of codes of conduct issued by professional organisations on memberbehaviour. Finally, conclusions will be presented.The Professional Organisation Comparisonand Contrast with Other OrganisationsRobbins(1998) defines an organisation as A consciously coordinated socialunit, composed of two or to a greater extent people, that things on a relativel y continuous tail to achieve a common finishing or traffic circle of tendencys. Daft (1998) describes organisations as (1) social entities that (2) are goal directed, (3) aredesigned as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, and (4)are linked to the outer environment. Organisations are formed for a varietyof reasons including those that are started for public and private purposes,for act business and social goals, and for profit or non-profit results.A professionalbody meets the criteria for an organisation as identified by Robbins andDaft. The professional body is a special(prenominal) type of organisation, usually non-profit, that exists to further aparticular profession, to protect both the public interest and the interests ofprofessionals (LaborLawTalk.com, n.d.). The ASEP newssheet (1998) claimsthat professional organisations are formed and exist for the purpose ofrepresenting the profession, adding that this type of organisation consistssolely of memb ers who are, or intend to be, working in the profession, or hold inbeen allowed special social status status.A fuller description of these types of organisations is offered by the Canadian Security Administrators (2004), which states in this quoted extract that a professional body.admits members primarily on the basis of their educationalqualifications.requires its members to comply with the professional standards ofcompetence and ethics prescribed by the organisation and.has disciplinary powers, including the power to suspend or chuck out amember.Theconcept of profession is all-important(a) to the discretion of professionalorganisations. A profession can be described in equipment casualty of its features whichinclude representation by a professional organisation, stick aboutnce toprofessional ethics and standards, and self-regulation of such functions aseducation, training, and certification or licensure in the profession. (ASEPNewsletter, 1998). Professions are generally i dentified by occupationalgroup (e.g. doctors, attorneys, surveyors, nurses, consultants, writers, lawenforcement officers). Membership in a professional organisation is often arequirement to licitly practice in the profession (LaborLawTalk.com, n.d.).Aprofessional body differs from other(a) types of organisations in that to the highest degree othersare comprised of members from a variety of professions. These memberscoordinate their individual competencies to achieve an organisations ends. Asingle organisation may dedicate as its members people from such diverseprofessions as doctors, lawyers, clerks, labourers, and engineers. Thisarrangement is certainly necessary, but it has whizz drawback.A typical organisation is very insular with regard to specific professions. For example, engineers may only interact with other engineers within the organisation. They have lilliputian opportunity to exchange knowledge about their profession with engineers in other organisations. On the ot her hand, a typical professional body, through its focus on a single profession, provides a forum for this type of exchange. single ofthe many professional bodies is the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors(RICS) which recruits itself as the largest organisation for professionals inproperty, land, construction, and related environmental issues worldwide withthe purpose of promoting best practices, regulation and consumer protection tothe public and to businesses. RICS, which claims 110,000 members worldwide, isthe leading source of property related knowledge, providing independent,impartial advice to governments and global organisations. (RICS Rules of carry, 2004)Codes of Conduct The ConceptCodes of conduct in professional organisationsprovide a type of social control of expertise, according to Eraut (1994). Thesecodes help to protect clients against incompetence, carelessness, andexploitation. Eraut traces codes of conduct to nineteenth hundred Britain andthe United States wh ere, at the time, government control was non adequatelyprotecting clients. He claims that experts agree that a measure of controlmust be vested in the professionals themselves to be effective and, thus, theprofessional organisation was born.A Code ofConduct is a written guide that says how people should behave. It setsstandards of behaviour it says what you should do and should not do. (Crime andMisconduct Commission, n.d.) Organisations establish codes of conduct tocorrect errors of person-to-person equation, according to mineworker (2002). Shafritz(1998) describes the term code of conduct through its component words code,which he defines as laws, regulations, rules, standards, statutes, and conduct,which he defines as bearing, behaviour, demeaneor, and deportment. His fulldefinition for code of conduct is a specifically identified list of appearancesthat has been deemed appropriate or inappropriate enough to have beenincorporated into either laws or regulations or policy statem ents. He addsthat a code of conduct narrowly defines what one is to do in a disposed(p) positionor set of circumstances.The term code of conduct isfrequently used interchangeably with the term code of ethics, but thetwo have different meanings according to Shafritz (1998). Codes of conductoffer specific directions on behaviours expected under various conditionscodes of ethics furnish a set of aspirational standards by which to live andwork. Codes of ethics are designed to inspire. Codes of conduct are designedto require.Organisations that have instituted codes of conduct include for-profit businesses, industry groups, unions, special interest groups, government agencies, schools and universities, and professional bodies. Not unexpectedly, a code of conduct for a professional body outlines the acceptable or desirable behaviours and practices of a particular profession such as doctors, pharmacists, lawyers, and ethicists (EthicsScan Canada Ltd., n.d.).Steadman et al. (1994, cited inE raut, 1994), identified quatern sets of values affecting conduct legal values,values of the profession, values of individual professionals, and (foremployees of organisations) values of the employing organisations. The firm Deloitteand Touche (2003) offers comprehensive direction for developing codes ofconduct. In stating that there is no pre-packaged verbiage for a code ofconduct, the firm suggests that it be written in unequivocal, rather than negativeterms, to help promote positive reception by the intended audience and thus ato a greater extent bid positive outcome in terms of conduct. The code of conduct should.employ simple language, be concise, and be readily understood.not be written in legalistic terms but, rather, in terms ofexpected behaviours.apply to everyone in the organisation and.be revised as needed to reflect changes.Deloitte Touche recommends more than fifty topics that may be included in codes ofconduct. Some of these that may particularly applicable to codes of conduct forprofessional organisations include client service, confidentiality, compliancewith professional standards, independence, conflicts of interest, licensure,fraud, personal conduct, and privacy. In addition, and importantly, the firmrecommends that, in addition to stating expected behaviours, codes of conductshould include enforcement and implementation mechanisms that woo thenotion of accountability and discipline for unacceptable behaviour.The RICS,which was highlighted earlier, has a comprehensive, 56-page code of conductcontaining many of the topics recommended by Deloitte Touche withsections focused on personal and professional standards, conduct ofprofessional activities and business, practice inside information and co-operation,conflicts of interest, impartiality, and independence (Royal Institution ofChartered Surveyors Rules of Conduct, 2004).In addition, and as suggested by Deloitte Touche, the RICS has issued a 28-page appurtenance to the code of conduct sp ecifying disciplinary rules. These rules state the constitution of disciplinary bodies, workable contraventions (initial processes, rights, and powers), and powers of disciplinary bodies. (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Disciplinary Rules, 2004).Professional Codes of Conduct cause onMember Behaviour and ConductLindsay, Irvine, and Lindsay (1996, citedin Messick, 1999) write failure to seriouslymonitor, measure and reward (punish) the effect of individuals on theethical plane will leave codes of conduct operating in a vacuum, of littleuse in actually promoting ethical behavior. But what mechanisms take state of affairs in shaping the sought after behaviours of members of professional organisations? Operantconditioning and social learning theories help to develop how codes of conductcan help in encouraging desired behaviours.Operantconditioning, which contends that behaviour is a function of theconsequences of the behaviour, suggests that desired voluntary behaviour le adsto a reward or prevents a penalization in social learning peoplelearnthrough observation and direct hold out (Robbins, 1998). Codes of conduct,by specifying the desired behaviours as well as associated rewards andpunishment, guide those affected into behaving as desired (operant conditioning).The enforcement of the code of conduct against those who violate its rules, andthe publicity of the consequences, wait ons as a model to others on properbehaviour (social learning).Reinforcement is essential to obtainingdesired behaviours. There are four reinforcement methods available to shapedesired behaviours through reinforcement positive reinforcement, negativereinforcement, punishment, and extinction (Robbins, 1998).positive reinforcement involves following abehaviour with something positive.negative reinforcement involves terminatingor withdrawing something unpleasant.punishment involves creating anunpleasant condition to eliminate an undesirable behaviour and.extinction involves e liminating areinforcement that maintains a behaviour.These reinforcementmethods can be applied by professional bodies in encouraging desired behavioursamong their members. For instance, an organisation could offer annualrecognition to those members who have exhibited highly-desirable behaviours(positive reinforcement). The organisation could impose, then later withdraw, asanction against a member who violated a minor rule (negative reinforcement).The organisation could expel a member who flagrantly violated a major rule(punishment). And, finally, a professional organisation could cease referringpotential clients to members who have violated conduct rules (extinction).In addition to enforcement, a code ofconduct must be rigorously promoted to be effective lest it becomes justanother dust-collecting document on the shelves of those for whom thebehavioural messages are directed. Over time, if conduct rules are not rigorouslypromoted, the expected behaviours can become less and less im portant in dodaily ends on proper behaviour. EthicsScan Canada Ltd. (n.d.) recommendsthat codes of conduct be promoted continuously.For example, members should be involve to acknowledge annually, in writing, that they have read and understand the code of conduct. A suggested method for promoting a code of conduct involves discussing it as part of annual performance appraisals or scheduled meetings. These meetings might include introducing case studies followed by discussions of proper behaviour and problems that might occur.Members of professional bodies can beself-employed or employees of other organisations. Whilst codes of conduct mayserve as the sole behavioural guidance for self-employed professionals inprivate practice, employees of other organisations may be subject to two setsof conduct codes one presented by the professional body and one by theiremploying organisations. When the conduct specified in these codes is aligned,employees typically will not experience conflict however, when the employeesexpected conduct as required by their employers differs from that expected bytheir professional bodies, a conflict exists and employees event potentialquandarys.For instance, in some cases, professional organisations sanction members who do not adhere to their professional codes of ethics, yet the same members face disciplinary action from their employers if they should come across information about a breach of public interest (Guy, 1990, citing Dozier and Miceli 1985 Archer, 1986). This dilemma could result in an employee deciding to violate either the rules of his or her employer or those of the professional body. To aid employees facing this type of dilemma, both the employer and professional body should have experts available for consultation.ConclusionProperly written, promoted, and enforced,codes of conduct can be powerful tools in helping to ensure desired behavioursfrom members of professional bodies. Nevertheless, whilst beneficial, codes ofcond uct cannot be viewed as a total solution for ensuring the proper behaviourof members of professional organisations. Shafritz (1998) writes Codes of conductdo not represent professional assurancesabout high moral standards. Rather, they provide direction to those whoseconduct they govern. Codes of conduct are minimalistic prohibitions againstunquestionably subversive or criminal acts. The primary benefit of codes ofconduct lies in augmenting government laws and regulations in promoting desiredbehaviours in the professions.In closing, it may be that professional organisationsare in the fore among organisations in terms of success with codes of conduct.According to Miner (2002), business can well learnfrom the professions when it comes to maintaining standards. Professionalbodies seem to take quite seriously the role they serve in ensuring thatclients of professional bodies are protected against incompetence,carelessness, and exploitation.ReferencesArcher,Lawrence (1986) The moral mino rity. Canadian commercial enterprise 5956-59, 1986.Cited in Guy, 1990.ASEPNewsletter (1998)What is a profession? March 1998.CanadianSecurities Administrators (2004) Acceptance ofcertain remote professional boards as a professional organisation, January 19, 2004.Crime andMisconduct Commission (n.d.) growth a code of conduct. Availablefrom http//www.cmc.qld.gov.au/OTRT8.htmlAccessed August 5, 2005.Daft,Richard L. (1998) Organisation theory and design. Cincinnati, OhioSouth-Western College Publishing, 1998.Deloitte Touche (2003) Guidelines for writing a code of ethics/conduct.Deloitte Touche Corporate Governance Services, 2003.Dozier,Janelle Brinker and Miceli, Marcia P. (1985) Potential predictors ofwhistle-blowing A prosocial behavior perspective. Academy of ManagementReview 10823-36. Cited in Guy, 1990.Eraut, Michael(1994) Developing professional knowledge and competence. capital of the United Kingdom FalmerPress, 1994.EthicsScanCanada Ltd. (n.d.) What is a code of professionalc onduct? Available from http//www.ethicscan.ca/resource_centre/faqs/page05.htmlAccessed August 5, 2005.Guy,Mary E. (1990) Ethical decision making in everyday work situations.Westport, Connecticut Quorum Books, 1990.LaborLawTalk.com(n.d.) Professional body or professional organisation. Available from http//encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/professional_organisationAccessed August 4, 2005.Lindsay, R. M., Irvine, V. B., and Lindsay, L. M. (1996)Instilling ethical behavior in organisations A survey ofCanadian companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 15 393-407, 1996.Cited in Messick, 1999.Messick,David M. (1999) Sanctioning systems, decision frames, and cooperation. AdministrativeScience Quarterly, December 1, 1999.Miner, JohnB. (2002) Organisational behaviour Foundations, theories, and analyses.New York Oxford University Press, 2002.Robbins,Stephen P. (1998) Organisational behavior concepts, controversies,applications. Upper Saddle River, New island of Jersey Prentice-Hall International,Inc., 1998.RoyalInstitution of Chartered Surveyors (2004) Disciplinary rules. LondonRICS, 2004.RoyalInstitution of Chartered Surveyors (2004) Rules of conduct. LondonRICS, 2004.Rueschemeyer,D. (1983) Professional autonomy and the social control of expertise, inDingwall, R. and Lewis, P., eds. The Sociology of the Professions Lawyers,Doctors and Others. London Macmillan, 1983. Cited in Eraut, 1994.Shafritz,Jay M. (1998) International encyclopedia of publicpolicy and system A-C. Volume 1.Boulder, Colorado Westview Press, 1998.Steadman,S. et al. (1994) Ethics in occupational standards and S/NVQs. Researchand tuition Report. Sheffield Employment Department, Methods StrategyUnit, 1994. Cited in Eraut, 1994.

Energy Production Essay -- Environment, Natural Gas

In straightaways society, its nearly impossible to open a newspaper, displace up a computer, or hold a conversation that isnt someway re deepd to energy. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution over a century and a half ago, nonhing has been more pivotal to manhoods rise to power as the apex species of planet earth. Had our ancestors not discovered the potential of using million year old embed and animal remains to create combustible power, the world would look really different. There is no denying that energy production is one of, if not, the most crucial developments in human history. After a hundred and fifty days of recklessly burning fossil anoint and coal, we find ourselves having to deal with the literal great deal unforeseen by our industrious forefathers.No longer can the repercussions of our unsustainable colony to fossil fuels be ignored nor can we defer the task of purpose a solution to the next generation of humans. Energy use and its appeal are ri sing worldwide, most countries remain dep closureent on oil imports, and little progress has been made toward curbing climate change (Deutch 2011). This awkward truth has left governments, environmentalists, and consumers scrambling to develop a way to provide bulky amounts of energy at an affordable cost while significantly bring down our harmful carbon emissions. In a perfect world alternative, gaudy energy should have been pursued intensively when true magnitude of oil instability was first revealed in the 1970s but better late than never.There are dozens, if not hundreds of oil and coal alternatives that are be considered, however, while many options look promising in theory the whelm majority of them such as wind, solar, and biofuel just arent economically feas... ...to demand the design of the study. The initial research results from the study are expected until the end of 2012 with a goal for a report in 2014. ANH International. About Us ANH International. Welcome to bail for Natural Health International ANH International. 03 Mar. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .ANH-USA 1. A grand Fracking Mess. Welcome to the Alliance for Natural Health - USA. 23 Feb. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .ANH-USA 2. Campaigns. Welcome to the Alliance for Natural Health - USA. 03 Mar. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .ANH-USA 3. Overview. Welcome to the Alliance for Natural Health - USA. 03 Mar. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .

Child Development Case Study Essay -- Child Development Theory

From the video observation, the two three-year old children, doubting Thomas and Riley set off on a bus journey on with their child minder it is commemorated that some(prenominal) the children speak about their journey, in which they are up to(p) to identify various features, which include the passengers various buildings and different types of buses. Both children observe many of the features by taking photographs to highlight what they have observed on their journey. From observation, the video looks at the way the childminder plans the experience from a child-initiated stance, which directs the childrens instruction in addition with assisting them with role-play and symbolic play, which is sh sustain towards the end of the video. Thus, this essay will digest on the importance of early physical development within the beforehand(predicate) long time framework, as well as the influence of the family with reference to the children along with the childminder. I shall link theory to practice from observation, by recounting both the boys bus journey, using a number of supposititious methods, as well as emphasising the social and emotional development as with cognitive development. However in particular, I will address the cognitive development, by doing so, a substantial approach is required regarding both the childrens development, as children are seen as individuals and that each area of their development cannot be divided into different sections.So in order to accentuate the whole approach, it is imperative that the two boys development is seen from a holistic perspective. Furthermore, not only does the childrens development depend on their own developmental process, additionally the family, as well as the child minder will have an influential effect on the relationship of both ch... ...Early Childhood. 2nd ed. London SAGE Publications.Bruner, J. (1986) Actual Minds, Possible Worlds. USA Harvard University Press. part of Education (Dcfs) (2010) its c hilds play Early Years Foundation Stage online. Assessed 7 December 2010. Available at .Keenan, T. and Evans, S. (2009) An groundwork to Child Development. 2nd ed. London SAGE publications.Malim, T. and Birch, A. (1998) Introductory Psychology. London MACMILLAN Press.Penn, H. (2008) sense early childhood. 2nd ed. Berkshire Open University Press. Piaget, J. and Inhelder, B. (1969) The Psychology of the Child. London Routledge.Smidt, S. (2007) A head to Early Years Practice. 3rd ed. Oxon Routledge. Woodhead, M and Oates, J. (eds). (2007) Attachment Relationships. Milton Keynes The Open University.

Comparing Loss of Self in Soldiers Home, Pauls Case, and Bartleby Essa

Loss of Self in Hemingways Soldiers Home, Cathers Pauls Case, and Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener Hemingways Soldiers Home, Cathers Pauls Case, and Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener all sacrifice a loss of self. These stories prove that there is a fine personal line of credit between finding ones self and losing ones self. I believe this loss bottom occur at any age or station of life. This inclination is seen in each storys main character. Hemingways Soldiers Home depicts a young piece in his early twenties after his return from World state of war I. The young man, Krebs, has arrived home too late. Thus, he doesnt receive the adulation of the townsfolk as the others did. This first loss was the beginning of a long private journey for Krebs. His unwillingness, then inability, to discuss his part in the war with others flat had an effect on Krebs. He was unable to get some rag for of closure, something which he direly needed. Due to the extravagant stories foretold by o thers, Krebs was forced to lie in order to fit in. These lies bothered Krebs. They not only went against him morally, but they in any case started to deteriorate his feelings about the war A distaste for everything that had happened to him in the war set in because of the lies he had told. All the times that had been able to make him feel cool and clear inside himself when he thought of them....now unconnected their cool, valuable quality and then were lost themselves (224). Earl Rovit explains this even further stating, if he cant trust in truth of these experiences, he will then pull in lost everything (255). These feelings that Krebs has are not unfamiliar. This situation is seen in a handful of other stories of the times, but Hemingways story delineates the desperate inc... ... 189-194. Cather, Willa. Pauls Case.The American Short Story. wad II. Ed. Calvin Skaggs. New York Dell, 1980160-180. Decker, Timothy. The Mechanization of a Scrivener. Bartleby the Scrivener by Her man Melville. URL http//www.en.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/bartleby/decker.html Hemingway, Ernest. Soldiers Home. The American Short Story. sight I. Ed. Calvin Skaggs. New York Dell, 1977 224-231. Hyzack,Greg. The Mentally Disturbed Scrivener. Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville. URL http//www.en.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/bartleby/hyzakbart.html Melville, Herman. Bartleby the Scrivener. The Story and Its Writer. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston St. Martins, 1995 513-539. Rovit, Earl. On Ernest Hemingway and Soldiers Home. The American Short Story. Volume I. Ed. Calvin Skaggs. New York Dell, 1977 251-255.

Analysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson :: Because Could Stop Death Dickinson Essays

Analysis of Because I Could Not Stop for finale by Emily DickinsonThe poets of the nineteenth century wrote on a variety of topics. nonpareiloften used topic is that of death. The theme of death has been approached in many another(prenominal) different counsellings. Emily Dickinson is one of the numerous poets who usesdeath as the subject of several(prenominal) of her numberss. In her verse Because I Could NotStop for remnant, death is represent as a gentleman who comes to give the speakera push back to eternity. Throughout the poem, Dickinson develops her unusualinterpretation of death and, by doing so, composes a poem full of imagery thatis both unique and thought provoking. Through Dickinsons fine style ofwriting, effective use of literary elements, and vivid imagery, she creates apoem that put forward be interpreted in many different ways.The minute form that Dickinson uses throughout Because helps conveyher message to the reviewer. The poem is written in five quatrain s. The way inwhich each stanza is written in a quatrain gives the poem unity and makes iteasy to read. I Could Not Stop for Death gives the subscriber a feeling offorward movement through the present moment and third quatrain. For example, in line 5,Dickinson begins deaths journey with a slow, forward movement, which can beseen as she writes, We slowly drove-He knew no haste. The third quatrainseems to speed up as the trinity of death, immortality, and the speaker pass thechildren playing, the fields of grain, and the setting cheer one after another.The poem seems to get faster and faster as life goes through its course. Inlines 17 and 18, however, the poem seems to slow defeat as Dickinson writes, Wepaused before a House that seemed / A Swelling of the Ground-. The reader isgiven a feeling of life slowly ending. Another way in which Dickinson uses theform of the poem to convey a message to the reader occurs on line four as shewrites, And Immortality. Eunice Glenn believes that the word Immortalityis given a line by itself to show its importance (qtd. in Davis 107). Perhapsthe close notable way in which Dickinson uses form is when she ends the poem witha scare. Judith Farr believes that the dash seems to indicate that the poem isnever ending, just as eternity is never ending (331). In conclusion,Dickinsons form helps the reader begin to comprehend the poem. rhetorical language is one of the literary elements that Dickinson usesto help convey hidden messages to the reader.

Can Fiction be Philosophy? Essay -- Literature Papers

This paper construes the relation between ism and belles-lettres through an analysis of claims made by Martha Nussbaum regarding the contribution novels can turn to moral philosophical system. Perhaps her most controversial assertion is that some novels ar themselves works of moral school of thought. I contrast Nussbaums view with that of signal flag Murdoch. I discuss three claims which are fundamental to Nussbaums aspect the relation between writing style and content philosophys inadequacy in preparing agents for moral life because of its reliance on rules and the advantage of the moral work engaged in by readers of novels. The evaluation of these claims requires a discussion of the nature of philosophy. I find that Murdoch and Nussbaum agree on the big businessman of writings to contribute to moral understanding, but disagree on the issuance of what philosophy is. Therefore, they disagree on the question of whether authoritative works of lying are also works of phi losophy. I argue that the task Nussbaum assigns philosophy is too broad. Through the use of critical and reflective methods, philosophy should examine and sort moral claims. Literary, philosophical and religious texts contribute to moral eduction keeping them separate helps us appreciate their distinct contributions, as well as respect their distinct aims and methods. Therefore, I conclude that Nussbaums inclusion of certain novels in philosophy cannot be sustained. In a recent article, Richard Posner examines the notion, modern by scholars in the law and literature movement, that ...immersion in literature ... makes us better citizens or better people. (1) The focus of his discussion is a repair of assertions, including a number made by Martha Nussbaum, concerning the moral influenc... ...h draws the following distinctions literature does many things, philosophy does one thing (has one aim) literature is natural, philosophy is counter-natural literature arouses emotion, philoso phy tries to eliminate emotional appeal literature is indirect, philosophy is direct literature has no problem to solve, philosophy seeks to solve a few technical and abstract problems literature is concerned with aesthetic form, philosophy does not aim at formal perfection. Murdoch says that she sees no general role of philosophy in literature (p. 242).(15) See Frank Palmer, Literature and Moral Understanding (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1992), chapter 8.(16) In considering what is characteristic of philosophy, I was helped by reading Derrida and Wittgenstein, by Newton Garver and Seung-Chong Lee, (Philadelphia synagogue University Press, 1994), chapter 6.

Victims of Society in The Outsider and Antigone Essay -- Meursault Ant

Victims of Society in The foreigner and AntigoneBoth Meursault and Antigone are the protagonists in their stories.They fill oft in common, such as the fact that they explain theirimpending destructions as refractory by dowery, even though each seems to have aneasy means of surviving. Both are willing to die for what they believeis right. The concept of fate is quite dissimilar between the texts. InAntigone, a Chorus tells you at the beginning of the play thatAntigone will die. Antigone uses the excuse of fate to explain her take indeath to Creon, where as in The Outsider fate is much more(prenominal) subtle.First I will look at The Outsider and Meursault. Albert Camus wrotethis refreshful as a challenge against the death penalty and the confederationthat imposes it. It reflects his empirical philosophy including howwe do not trust people that are different, that society would ratherhear lies then the truth if the truth makes them uncomfortable, andthat people with diffe rent views to the majority are persecuted.Camus choice of Meursault, an unusual person, who does not play thegame, enables him to demonstrate this argument.Meursaults scratch line words are Mother died today. He is very quiet anddetached and likes to stick to events around him like a spectator,regardless of their importance to him. At his mothers funeral, hedoes not cry, he smokes and drinks coffee, and this turns out to bethe reason for his execution. It may seem that the fact thatMeursault is killed because of the way he acts at his mothers funeralis a sign of hubris, much like Creons in Antigone, who does notrespect Polynices death properly.Camus shows us Meursaults philosophy is a hedonistic one he actslike each day is his last. His bo... ...nes destiny is argued by all the individual characters, eacharguing lonesome(prenominal) for the side that benefits themselves. The Chorus arguesfor fate to justify its existence, Creon argues for it to justify hisdecision to have Antig one executed, Heamon argues against it becausehe wants Antigone to live on.These two stories rely on inevitability to remove attention away fromthe storyline, and bring the focus onto the issues they raise. Camuswished to persuade people that the death penalty was unjust and wrong,while Anouilh wanted to encourage a good sense of rebellion among thepeople of occupied France during World War 2. In The Outsider and inAntigone both of the main characters believe that they are destined todie, nice martyrs for their authors causes.Bibliography============Anouilh, Jean - Antigone, 1944Camus, Albert - The Outsider, 1942

Steve Wozniak Essay -- essays research papers

Steve Wozniaks childhood had a big take on his revolutionary developments in the calculating machine world. Wozniak grew up in Sunnyvale California. His family lived in a development built for Lockheed engineers like his father. (Rose, 26) As a stripling he w During his high school years, Wozniak was a prankster and was in unity case suspended for placing a metronome disguised as a bomb in a friends locker. (Brodhagen, 1) The more serious side of Wozniak loved electronics and spent ace day a week works at Sylvania Electronics, where Wozniaks love for computers grew. Wozniak was working with electronics from an early age. In 1962 Wozniak built a calculator using a few electronic components and entered it in a local science fair. (Brodhagen, 1) It won him a prize. In 1971 Wozniak and his friend Bill Fernandez built a computer in Fernandezs garage. (Rose,25-26) They called it t Wozniak decided to go the University of California at Berkeley after he returned from C olorado State. W hile he was there, his mother direct him an article about a mysterious person who called himself Captain crush. (Rose, 27) Crunch would build electronic boxes, known as blue boxes, that mimicked the tones governing name company switching equipment. This allowed him to make free long distance call back calls. Apparently Crunch was the leader of an underground group who called themselves the phone phreaks. They would intent technology to get what they wanted, but they wope by staying one step up of the police. Wozniak was extremely interested and called his friend from high school, Steven Jobs. (Rose, 27) They decided to go into traffic selling them. Wozniak managed to make one which only used forty dollars price of parts, instead of the 1,500 dollars it cost Captain Crunch. Wozniak and Jobs and so went to college campuses and sold them to dorms for 150 dollars and up. Wozniak became preoccupy with phreaking and almost forgot about school. This is the first example of Wozniak s In 1975 personalised computers became a reality. The Altair 8800 was released. (Rose, 31) It was a computer kit. It came with all the pieces that were needed to build it, and it was then assembled by the consumer who bought it. It was really designed for computer hobbyists, who loved the fact that they were adequate to(p) to build it. It had its down side though. Once it was assembled, there wasnt overmuch that it could do. The... ...nd something that the consumer would buy. Wozniak changed the computer industry because once he made his computer and Steve Wozniaks prankster nature changed the world for ever. Since he tended not to listen to what good deal say, he didnt get discouraged when people told him he was unconventional or that he would fail. He just kept on working. The resolving of all his work was that the personal computer became a reality. He is one of the greatest men alive. His work effects tens-of-millions of people every In researching this paper I looked in a recent MacMall (a mail give catalog that specializes in selling apple products) and there were twelve opposite computers made by Apple. Ranging in price from 499.99 dollars to 4,199 dollars and from one that will gibe in your pocket to one that will cover your whole desk. Apple also had a wide range of printers, scanners, drives and monitors. In my phone reference with Jim Harper he summed it up this way Since 1984 Apple has sold xxvi million Macintoshes. The Macintosh in your home is more powerful and quick than the computer that put the man on the moon. It all started back in 1976 with Steve Wozniaks Apple I. Performa User $ &

Whitmans Music as a Means of Expression Essay -- Whitman Music Musica

Whitmans practice of medicine as a Means of ExpressionIn his verses, Walt Whitman eradicates divisions of individual entities part simultaneously celebrating their unique characteristics. All components of the universe atomic number 18 united in a metaphysical intercourse, and yet, are assigned very distinct qualities so as to keep their identities intact. Often times, Whitman demonstrates these conceptions through elements of song. Walt Whitman caroled throughout his verse. For the Bard of Democracy, as the States came to call our great poet, melody was a central fiction in his life and work, both as a mindset and as a practical reality. (Hampson) His melodic poetry lyrically encompasses themes of social equality. Whitman enterprises a communion of persons while using the singer as a poet, lover, usual citizen, bard and a celebrator of the self to express much(prenominal) notions. Whitman discovers music in the daily lives of ordinary individuals and expresses it within hi s poetry. Especially in gaze to the poems Song of Myself, I Sing the Body Electric, and I Hear America Singing, Walt Whitman incorporates music as a vehicle to illustrate democratization. Whitman was a self educated New Yorker who began his literary career by satiating himself with classical information and appreciating nature. After leaving school, Whitman held a great variety of jobs including a printers scholar and editing several periodicals. His first independent publication was Leaves of Grass a compilation of various untitled poems. Initially, he was met with limited success or recognition (with the exception of a satisfied Ralph Waldo Emerson). His second edition was cold more warmly welcomed. During the Civil War, Whitman offered his services to care for soldiers ... ... a republican understanding of purchase order. Whitman deems all persons equally and interprets their existence as pieces of music. In instances where the total individual would find no value, Whitman depicts unexplored realms of appreciation. All members of society are conveyed as agents of music. Their roles are regarded as beautiful contributions to society by defining them with instrumental undertones. Whitmans verses are written with such musical style and context, that they are often times the inspiration for musical compositions (including the likes of Vaughn Williams). In his pieces, Whitman honors the seemingly inferior facets of society, discounting any hierarchy and rather, celebrating all members equally. To efficaciously portray Whitmans democratic mentality, he delivers his message by expressing his subjects as instruments in a grand societal composition.

A Sweepstakes Scandal :: essays research papers fc

Persuasion is "the process by which a persons attitudes or behaviors ar, without duress, influenced by communications from other pot (Encyclopedia Britannica Online). There are numerous types of persuasion and in many forms. In the following pages I will take you on a journey through with(predicate) the tactics of sweepstakes companies, one in grumpy - Publishers clearing House. This is an interesting subject matter that I have grownup up around. My mother has sent in each and e very Publishers Clearing House sweepstakes letter she has received since she was twenty years old. She is positive that someday she will indeed win big money even though she has only won a few prizes worth near a dollar in over 30 years of doing it. Why? only when because she is persuaded by someone or something to keep doing so.Sweepstakes companies have become very skilled at creating a web of deception by the headlines, the actors line in detail many things about their mailings are intended t o loaf people to buy products they would not exchangeablely buy otherwise. Sweepstakes companies target generations that are very trusting. These letters are mindfully designed to look like authentic government documents. Companies misrepresent the possibility of actually winning through the involved use of graphics which manipulate font, color, type size, layout, and text to haze over the contest conditions in order to emphasize the likelihood of winning, when in fact it is simply a mass-market mailing. They even have personalised notes from celebrities such as Ed McMahon that makes it difficult for a person not to believe that he is a winner. Other convincing techniques they use are the associated publicity drop out forms and pre-authorization of how one would like the prize payoff. Publishers Clearing House, one of the United States largest operators of sweepstakes competitions, was founded in 1953 and has been holding sweepstakes since 1967. They sell magazine subscriptions , videos, collectible figurines, sport memorabilia, coins, household and personal care items, along with books and tapes. The company has given out approximately $137 zillion in money and prizes (pch.com). In contrast, during 1997 and 1998, the company had annual sales of about $375 million. Publishers Clearing House started out in the business of selling magazines moreover are now in the pursuit of selling sweepstakes, and instead of people being sold the benefits of the magazines, they are sold on being a winner, finalist, or having a better chance to win.

One Era To Another: The Telephone Essay -- Inventions, Alexander Graha

The modern version of the shout out has proven a significant change over the years from what it was at unrivaled point. What allows us to communicate with the world at any instant minute and second of the day only exhibits how significant the invention has been for individuals. It is 1 of the most used pieces of electronics in the world today. Over time research has not only led to different versions of the phone, but to the developments of different tones, caller-up ids, dialing, call tracing and allowing a person to listen to music art object on hold. Alexander Graham chime was born in defect of 1847 in Edinburgh to a family whose life revolved around sound, speech and discourse (Stern and Gwathmey 1). It was at the beginning of the second decade of the rule of Queen capital of Seychelles and Britain was entering an age of industrial expansion, with science on the rise. Bell at a young age proved to be quite the gentlemen, his educate in etiquette and public speaking on ly proved to serve him headspring throughout life. It was during a visit to the London workshop of Sir Charles Wheatstone, he observed the scientists invention of the speaking machine that fascinated him (Stern and Gwathmey 2). Curious and pushful he set out and took a position as a professor of music and elocution, the study and art of speaking clear at a boarding school. Shortly thereafter tragedy struck in the Bell family and fearing further loss the family relocated to Brantford, Ontario in 1870. Bell spend a short time in Canada and quickly found his bask of life in Boston. Bell began teaching deaf children and it was here he met Thomas Sanders and Gardiner Greene Hubbard. Little did Bell know these two men would monkey a prominent role in the patent of the recall and directio... ...phone service. here we sit in the 21st century and look at the one instrument that once brought people together, and has now spawned an industry that keeps them apart. Ultimately the telep hone led in a new era, in which it has changed the way we have words to people and access information. Having a telephone allows families to stay in contact, transactions to advertise and one of the largest contributions is how it has brought on the ability to call during emergencies. Bell once wrote in 1878 I believe in the future wires go forth unite the head offices of telephone companies in different cities, and a man in one part of the country may communicate by word of mouth with another in a distant place. (Marples, thehistoryof) From the telephones earlier days and little did one know, it is safe to say Bell understood his inventions vast potential and what it would be today.

John Worthing Critique :: essays research papers

I chose to evaluate the acting of Jason Dormeyer, who contend John Worthing. I insufficiency to say first of all that blush though the main points mentioned in this paper will be negative, the execution of instrument of Jack was quite convincing and carried out genuinely well. The actor depended very uptight whenever he was on stage. Luckily, being uptight works with the font of Jack. His jaw and his neck seemed to be tense during the performance. Jasons voice, however, does not seem to suffer because of that. The fact that he is uptight tends to put me on exhibit in the audience. I started to feel less comfortable and get clean tense because of this.Jason rushes too much. He needs to slow down and give notice (of) more than to make his draw ins more audible. I dont want him to lose any of the energy that he has, but I do wish that he would take more time to give more uncloudedness to the words. A good ensample of this is the way that the line, while Im in this horribl e trouble, is rushed trough. I believe that the line is in the second act during the muffin scene. It was not hard to epithet out what was being said, but it did take more effort to understand.The clarity of Jacks affinitys was good. Jack and Algernon were definitely friends that have known individually other for a while. They were comfortable enough with each other to contend and tell faults, while knowing that they would still remain friends. Jack was as well as very clear on his relationship with Gwendolyn. She was obviously of romantic provoke with him because of the way he saw to her every need. A good example is when she first walks in and Jack says, you are quite perfect strike down Fairfax. This is also displayed well when Jack fills Gwendolyns teacup. He jumps up with salient haste when she hands the cup to him. I was confused on the relationship with Lady Bracknell, though. She was clearly Jacks superior, yet Jack acted somewhat incorporeal and overconfident while talking to her about his childhood and social standing. I felt that he could have been reminded of his social standing at measure like the Good morning line. Jack is trying to obtain accept to marry her daughter. The age of John Worthing was very consistent throughout the play.